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| 12743914140 | Jurchens | Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south. | 0 | |
| 12743914142 | Jin | Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234. | 1 | |
| 12743922231 | Southern Song | Rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history. | 2 | |
| 12743926482 | Grand Canal | Built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long. | 3 | |
| 12743946159 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. | 4 | |
| 12743952480 | Flying Monkey | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency. | 5 | |
| 12743967115 | Footbinding | Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household. | 6 | |
| 12743972873 | Li Bo | (701-762) Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. The name is alternately spelled Li Po and Li Bai. | 7 | |
| 12744015583 | Hongwu | First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry. | 8 | |
| 12744024722 | Macao | One of two ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty. | 9 | |
| 12744034390 | Canton | One of two port cities in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty. | 10 | |
| 12744052289 | Ricci, Matteo | (1552-1610) Along with Adam Schall, Jesuit scholar in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity. | 11 | |
| 12744068431 | Schall, Adam | (1591-1666) Along with Matteo Ricci, Jesuit scholar in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity. | 12 | |
| 12744084958 | Chongzhen | Last of the Ming emperors; committed suicide in 1644 in the face of a Jurchen capture of the Forbidden City at Beijing. | 13 |
