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AP World history 2 Terms Flashcards

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4918660336MudraA hand gesture with specific meaning or significance in Indian classical sculpture and dance. One specific _____, for example, indicates teaching, another fearlessness, another revelation, etc...0
4918660337NirvanaIn Theravada Buddhism, the blissful nothingness into which a soul which had lived properly entered after death, and from which there would be no further rebirths. In Mahayana Buddhism, it became an abode of more active bliss, a kind of heaven, filled with heavenly activities.1
4918660338BodhisattvaA "being of wisdom" worthy of entering Nirvana, but who chooses to stay on earth, or be reborn in order to help others.2
4918660339MantraA formula of utterances of words and sounds that are believed to possess spiritual power, a practice of both Hinduism and Buddhism.3
4918914158MandalaA symbolic circular diagram of complex geometric design used as an instrument of meditation or in the performance of sacred rites in Hinduism and Buddhism4
4918914159SyllabaryA writing system in which which each symbol represents the syllable of a word.5
4918914160TaNaKhA Hebrew term for the books of the Bible that are written in Hebrew. The word is composed of the initial letters of the words Torah ( first five books of bible), Nevi'im (books of prophets), and the Ketchum (more historical, poetic, and philosophical writings) these are the three sections of Hebrew Bible.6
4918914161DiasporaA dispersion of peoples. Most commonly used to refer to the dispersion of Jews among gentiles, which began with the Babylonian captivity of the sixth century BCE7
4918914162Lost Ten TribesTen tribes of Israel were exiled from their homeland in 721 BCE. They totally assimilated into their new surroundings, lost their Jewish identity, and were lost to history. Periodically, groups in remote areas today claim that they are the ____________________.8
4918914163SacramentIn Christian theology, a rite or ritual that is an outward sign of a spiritual grace conveyed on the believer by Christ through the ministry of the Church.9
4918914164EucharistFrom the Greek word meaning "thanksgiving". The central sacrament and act of worship of the Christian Church, culminating the Holy Communion.10
4918914165Original sinFirst understood as the disobedience of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden as they ate the forbidden fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. Later understood as the sexual relations between Adam and Eve. In Christian belief, Jesus' death stoned for these sins, for those who believed in him.11
4918914166Speaking in tonguesA mode of praying and preaching emphasizing ecstasy and even entering into trances, such that the words of prayer and preaching may not be understood, but are meaningful nonetheless.12
4918914167NeoplatonicA philosophical system founded by Plotinus (205-270 CE) and influenced by Plato's theory of ideas. It emphasizes a the transcendent, impersonal, and undefinable "One" as the ground of all existence and the source of an eternal world of goodness, beauty, and order, of which material existence is but a feeble copy.13
4918914168HeresyA belief that is not in agreement with, or even conflicts with, the official orthodoxy of its time and place. Heretics, those who espoused people who did this term were often persecuted.14
4918914169Dar al-Islam (dar as-Salam)The literal meaning of the Arabic words is "the abode of Islam". The term refers to the land of Islam, that is, the territories in which Islam and its religious laws (Shari'a) may be freely practiced. (CALLED SOMETHING ELSE SOMETIMES MEANING: "the abode of peace")15
4918914170HijraThe "migration" or flight of Muhammad from Mecca, where his life was in danger, to Medina (then called Yathrib), where he was welcomed as a potential leader in 622 CE. The Islamic era (A.H.) is calculated from this date.16
4918914171CaliphThe spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Muslim community.17
4918914172ImamIn Islam, a title for a person whose leadership or example is to be followed.18
4918914173SufiIn Islam, a member of one of the orders practicing mystical forms of worship that first arose in the eight and ninth centuries CE.19
4918914174TariqaIn Islam a generic term meaning "path", referring to the doctrines and methods of mysticism and esoterism. The word also refers to schools or brotherhoods of musical, which were often situated at a mosque or the tomb of a Muslim saint.20
4942635992Jesus Christ(Immanuel) son of God and savior of the world (virgin birth). His teachings have shaped the worlds largest practiced faith system.21
4942635993TrinityGod as three persons (Father/Son/Holy Spirit)22
4942635994VedasMost sacred of Hindu scriptures, a collection of prayers and hymns handed down around 1500 BCE23
4942635995Baghavad GitaSong of the Lord and is an epic Hindu poem inserted Mahabharata24
4942635996ReincarnationThe belief that the human soul returns in another life after death, often in long cycles over time.25
4942635997KarmaForce generated by a person's actions26
4942635998DharmaRight living or the conduct viewed as a key tenet of the Hindu Caste System.27
4942635999Siddhartha GautamaHis reaction to poverty and existing Hindu customs led to the founding of Buddhism in 570 BCE28
4942636000Four Noble TruthsHeart of the Buddhist teaching regarding suffering. This is merely a list giving reasons for the miseries.29
4942636001Eightfold PathA series of right actions as a guide for living in the Buddhist faith.30
4942636002DaoKnown simply as The Way. It is the directive towards an appropriate natural way of living.31
4942636003Ten commandmentsLaws given to Moses on Mount Sinai as a directive to the Hebrews for being God's chosen people.32
4942636004ZoroasterA Persian philosopher who taught a monotheistic approach to ethics and morals.33
5058906888LegalismStrict conformity to a basic human moral code as expressed in Chinese philosophy34

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