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AP World History 3.1 Flashcards

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215973874Absolute MonarchyRule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution0
215973875BoyarsRussian nobility1
215973876CossacksRussians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries2
215973877CriollosA term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents3
215973878DevshirmeA practice of the Ottoman empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries4
215973879Divine RightThe belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God5
215973880Dutch LearningWestern learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century6
215973881EncomiendaA practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists7
215973882EnlightenmentA philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society8
215973883Estates-GeneralThe traditional legislative body of France9
215973884Glorious RevolutionThe bloodless overthrow of English King James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne10
215973885Hagia Sophia(the Church of) Holy Wisdom, now known as the Ayasofya Museum, was an early Christian Church and later an Eastern Orthodox church which was transformed into a mosque in 1453 by the Turks, and converted into a museum in 1935. It is located in Istanbul, Turkey.11
217046464JanissariesMembers of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands. Their control of artillery and firearms gave them prominence over the aristocratic Turkish cavalry. Their extreme conservatism frustrated reform of the Ottoman Empire12
217046465JesuitsMembers of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 153413
217046466ManchusPeoples from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty14
217046467MercantilismA European economic policy of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available, and that each country must adopt policies to obtain as much wealth as possible for itself; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies15
217046468MestizosIn the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and Indian descent16
217046469Middle PassageThe portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas17
217046470Mughal DynastyRulers who controlled most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries18
217046471MulattoIn the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, a person of mixed African and European descent19
217046472Nation-StateA sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity20
217046473Parliamentary MonarchyA government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament21
217046474PeninsularesIn the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe22
217870056ReconquistaThe recapture of Muslim-held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 149223
217870057RepartamientoIn the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided for fair wages24
217870058SovereigntySelf-rule25
217870059Taj MahalA mausoleum located in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahān commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite wife. The is generally considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian and Indian.26
217870060Tokugawa Shogunateor Edo bakufu, was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established by Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The shogunate ruled from Edo castle until the Meiji Restoration.27
217870061Treaty of TordesillasA 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal28
217870062Triangular TradeThe eighteenth-century trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas29
217870063ViceroyaltyA political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies30
217870064Hanseatic Leagueorganization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century31
217870065PurdahThe Hindu custom of secluding women32
217870066Qing DynastyAlso known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro.33

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