Terms : Hide Images
| 50469692 | capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. | 0 | |
| 50469693 | merchantilism | an ecomonic theory where colonies are created to benefit the "mother country" through trade of raw materials and consumption of the mother countrys finished products | 1 | |
| 50469694 | adam smith | Economist who wrote Wealth of Nations; Laissez-Faire economics | 2 | |
| 50469695 | hernan cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 3 | |
| 50469696 | moctezuma 2 | Aztec ruler during the spanish conquest | 4 | |
| 50469697 | francisco pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | 5 | |
| 50469698 | atahualpa | Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. (p. 438) | 6 | |
| 50469699 | encomienda system | priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory | 7 | |
| 50469700 | repartimiento system | required adult male Native Americans to devote a set number of days of labor anually to Spanish economic enterprises. PROBLEM- abused workers due to sense of urgency and exploitation | 8 | |
| 50469701 | charles 5th | holy roman emperor; controlled large territory; wanted dynasty to have complete control; lutheran princes defeated him - peace of augsburg; rulers determine religion; | 9 | |
| 50469702 | philip 2 | Macedonian King,he was a brillliant military leader who defeated the Greeks. Alexander the Great was his son. | 10 | |
| 50469703 | martin luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 11 | |
| 50469704 | indulgence | foolish or senseless behavior | 12 | |
| 50469705 | 95 thesis | written by Martin Luther in 1517, they are widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther used these theses to display his displeasure with some of the Church's clergy's abuses, most notably the sale of indulgences; this ultimately gave birth to Protestantism. | 13 | |
| 50469706 | john calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564) | 14 | |
| 50469707 | anglican | a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism | 15 | |
| 50469708 | council of trent | an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation | 16 | |
| 50469709 | jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 17 | |
| 50469710 | ignatius loyola | Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises. | 18 | |
| 50469711 | elizabeth | Queen of England from 1558 to 1603 | 19 | |
| 50469712 | spanish armada | the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power. | 20 | |
| 50469713 | dutch east india company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. | 21 | |
| 50469714 | louis 14 | was recognized as one of the most powerful monarchs of Europe,he moved the capital from Paris to Versailles | 22 | |
| 50469715 | napoleonic wars | a series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times | 23 | |
| 50469716 | nation state | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality | 24 | |
| 50469717 | serfdom | feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 25 | |
| 50469718 | peter the great | czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government | 26 | |
| 50469719 | catherine the great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) | 27 | |
| 50469720 | ottoman empire | a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe | 28 | |
| 50469721 | mughal empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (p. 536) | 29 | |
| 50469722 | matteo ricci | An Italian Jesuit who by his knowledge of Astronomy and science was accepted as a missionary of China | 30 | |
| 50469723 | shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 31 | |
| 50469724 | samurai | feudal Japanese military aristocracy | 32 | |
| 50469725 | absolute monarch | ruler with complete control over the government and the lives of the people. | 33 | |
| 50469726 | agrarian | relating to rural matters | 34 | |
| 50469727 | cash crop | a readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco) | 35 | |
| 50469728 | circumnavigate | travel around, either by plane or ship | 36 | |
| 50469729 | colonization | system of settling new lands that remain under the government of their native land | 37 | |
| 50469730 | commonwealth | a politically organized body of people under a single government | 38 | |
| 50469731 | demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations | 39 | |
| 50469732 | divine right | belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. | 40 | |
| 50469733 | monopoly | exclusive control or possession of something | 41 | |
| 50469734 | urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban | 42 | |
| 50469735 | utopia | ideally perfect state | 43 | |
| 50469736 | utopian | an idealistic (but usually impractical) social reformer | 44 | |
| 50469737 | akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. (p. 536) | 45 | |
| 50469738 | columbian exchange | The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans | 46 | |
| 50469739 | counter reformation | the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected) | 47 | |
| 50469740 | reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 48 | |
| 50469741 | edict of nantes | 1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants | 49 | |
| 50469742 | elizabeth of england | She sent aid to the Netherlands secretly so the Catholics in England wouldn't join the Spanish in support | 50 | |
| 50469743 | henry the 8th | King of England who established the church of England | 51 | |
| 50469744 | huguenots | French Protestants | 52 | |
| 50469745 | janissary corps | those Christian slaves who were not selected for the Ottoman bureaucracy served loyally instead in the Turkish army | 53 | |
| 50469746 | scientific method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses | 54 | |
| 50469747 | scientific revolution | an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method | 55 | |
| 50469748 | enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 56 | |
| 50469749 | suleiman the magnificent | The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as Suleiman Kanuni, 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. (p. 526) | 57 | |
| 50469750 | dar al islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | 58 | |
| 50469751 | gazis | turkish warriors inspired by islam to conquer territories and bring them under Dar al-islam | 59 | |
| 50469752 | sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 60 | |
| 50469753 | madrasa | Muslim schools in Bangladesh and Pakistan | 61 | |
| 50469754 | jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion | 62 | |
| 50469755 | syncretism | the fusion of originally different inflected forms (resulting in a reduction in the use of inflections) | 63 | |
| 50469756 | sikhs | Nonviolent religous group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism | 64 | |
| 50469757 | conurbation | an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities | 65 | |
| 50469758 | thomas hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 66 | |
| 50469759 | john locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 67 | |
| 50469760 | glorious revolution | the revolution against James II | 68 | |
| 50469761 | english bill of rights | King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. | 69 | |
| 50469762 | parliament | English Legislative body | 70 | |
| 50469763 | social contact | an agreement among the people to set up a governmetnt and obey the laws. | 71 | |
| 50469764 | empiricism | medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings | 72 | |
| 50469765 | copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) | 73 | |
| 50469766 | heliocentric theory | Every thing revolves around the sun studied by Galelo and Copernicus | 74 | |
| 50469767 | geocentric theory | Arrangment of the solar system that places the earth at the center with the sun and planets orbiting the earth | 75 | |
| 50469768 | galileo galilei | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 76 | |
| 50469769 | isaac newton | English mathematician and physicist | 77 | |
| 50469770 | voltaire | French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778) | 78 | |
| 50469771 | enlightened despotism | philosophes inspired and supported reforms of Enlightened despots-believed absolute rulers should promote good of people-religious toleration, streamlined legal codes, increased access to education, reduction or elimination of torture and death penalty | 79 |
