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| 10752073524 | Rock and Pillar Edicts | Definition: The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of more than thirty inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka as well as boulders and cave walls, made by Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire during his reign. Significance: The rock edicts are important sources for a modern understanding of ancient Indian political and religious history, particularly with regard to the influence of the Buddha's teachings on the king and, through him, on the people at large. Date: 269 BCE to 232 BCE | 0 | |
| 10752075156 | Arabic Numerals | Definition: any of the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Arabic numerals reached western Europe through Arabia, replacing Roman numerals, but probably originated in India. Significance: It helped create the way we use numbers today. Date: 1200 AD | 1 | |
| 10752075157 | Han Dynasty | Definition: The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China. Significance: Its legacy, however, can be observed in China to this day. The Han Dynasty created things like the Silk Road, Iron technology, the wheelbarrow, etc... Date: 206 BC | 2 | |
| 10752076327 | Satrap | Definition: Satraps were the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. Significance: They helped keep the peace in the areas, while the supreme leader was not in that area. Date: The early 5th century BC | 3 | |
| 10752077433 | Delian League | Definition: The Delian League (or Athenian League) was an alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens. Significance: In 454 BC, Pericles moved the treasury from Delos to Athens, allegedly to protect it from Persia. Effectively, it turned the Delian League into the Athenian Empire. Date: 478 BCE | 4 | |
| 10752086936 | Hellenism | Definition: The imitation or adoption of the ancient Greek language, thought, customs, art, etc.: the Hellenism of Alexandrian Jews. the characteristics of Greek culture, especially after the time of Alexander the Great; the civilization of the Hellenistic period. Significance: It spread Greek ideas and culture from the Eastern Mediterranean to Asia. Historians call this era the "Hellenistic period." Date: The Hellenistic Period is usually accepted to begin in 323 BC with Alexander's death and ends in 31 BC. | 5 | |
| 10752088363 | Patricians | Definition: The patricians (from Latin: patricius) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. Significance: The distinction between patricians and plebeians in Ancient Rome was based purely on birth. Date: 494 BC | 6 | |
| 10752090000 | Plebeians | Definition: Plebeian, also spelled Plebian, Latin Plebs, plural Plebes, member of the general citizenry in ancient Rome as opposed to the privileged patrician class. Significance: They protected some basic rights of all Roman citizens regardless of their social class. Eventually, the plebeians were allowed to elect their own government officials. They elected "tribunes" who represented the plebeians and fought for their rights. They had the power to veto new laws from the Roman senate. Date: 494 BC | 7 | |
| 10752091382 | Twelve Tables of Rome | Definition: The Twelve Tables was a set of laws inscribed on 12 bronze tablets created in ancient Rome. Significance: They were the beginning of a new approach to laws where they would be passed by the government and written down so that all citizens might be treated equally before them. Date: 450 B.C | 8 | |
| 10752094066 | First Triumvirate | Definition: The First Triumvirate of ancient Rome was an uneasy alliance between the three titans Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus which dominated the politics of the Roman Republic. Significance: Date: From 60 BCE until 53 BCE | 9 | |
| 10752099589 | Second Triumvirate | Definition: The Second Triumvirate was a political association of convenience between three of Rome's most powerful figures: Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian in the 1st century BCE. Significance: Date: 43 BC | 10 | |
| 10752099651 | Pax Romana | Definition: The Pax Romana (Roman Peace) was a period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire which lasted for over 200 years, beginning with the reign of Augustus. Significance: The main importance was that all of the land surrounding the Mediterranean was at peace because everyone was under Roman Law. Date: 27 BCE - 14 CE | 11 | |
| 10752101155 | Paganism | Definition: Paganism is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for populations of the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population or because they were not miles Christi. Significance: The original pagans were followers of an ancient religion that worshiped several gods (polytheistic). Today, pagan is used to describe someone who doesn't go to synagogue, church, or mosque. It could be that they worship several gods at once, or they have no interest in a god at all. Date: It is crucial to stress right from the start that until the 20th century, people did not call themselves pagans to describe the religion they practiced. | 12 | |
| 10752101156 | Christianity | Definition: Early Christianity is the history of Christianity in antiquity, from its origins until the First Council of Nicaea in 325. ... The early Gospel message spread orally, probably originally in Aramaic, but almost immediately also in Greek. Significance: Christianity is responsible for the way our society is organized and for the way we currently live. So extensive is the Christian contribution to our laws, our economics, our politics, our arts, our calendar, our holidays, and our moral and cultural priorities. Date: 1st century | 13 | |
| 10752102889 | Edict of Milan | Definition: The Edict of Milan was a letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. Significance: A proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire. It was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Milan between the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius in February 313. Date: February 313 | 14 | |
| 10752104398 | Zoroastrianism | Definition: The ancient pre-Islamic religion of Iran that survives there in isolated areas and, more prosperously, in India, where the descendants of Zoroastrian Iranian (Persian) immigrants are known as Parsis, or Parsees. Significance: It likely influenced the other major Western religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Date: 6th century | 15 | |
| 10752107245 | Confucianism | Definition: The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. Significance: Confucian thought has a profound future significance in improving the role of the family in the society. Date: 551-479 BC | 16 | |
| 10752109283 | Daoism/Taoism | Definition: Is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao. Significance: Taoism differs from Confucianism by not emphasizing rigid rituals and social order. Date: Over a period of 200-300 years. c.400 B.C. | 17 | |
| 10752109284 | Polytheism | Definition: Polytheism is the belief in many gods. Significance: Polytheism characterizes virtually all religions other than Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, which share a common tradition of monotheism, the belief in one God. Date: 15th - 5th century BCE | 18 | |
| 10752111026 | Legalism | Definition: Legalism in ancient China was a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by self-interest. Significance: The Han Dynasty reigned for a long time, from 202 BCE to 220 CE, and began many of the most important cultural advances in Chinese history, the opening of the Silk Road being only one of them. They originally kept a form of Legalism as their official philosophy but it was a much gentler version than that of the Qin. Date: 475-221 bce | 19 | |
| 10752111027 | Hinduism | Definition: Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no single founder. Significance: The Om and Swastika are symbols of Hinduism. The Swastika, which represents good luck, later became associated with evil when Germany's Nazi Party made it their symbol in 1920. Hindus revere all living creatures and consider the cow a sacred animal. Food is an important part of life for Hindus Date: 2300 B.C. and 1500 B.C | 20 | |
| 10752113802 | Buddhism | Definition: A religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths. Significance: The word Buddha means "enlightened." The path to enlightenment is attained by utilizing morality, meditation and wisdom. Buddhists often meditate because they believe it helps awaken truth. Date: 6th century | 21 | |
| 10752113803 | Judaism | Definition: The religion developed among the ancient Hebrews that stresses belief in God and faithfulness to the laws of the Torah: the religion of the Jewish people. Significance: Judaism, monotheistic religion developed among the ancient Hebrews. the first monotheistic religion. Date: 3500 years ago | 22 | |
| 10752115997 | Theravada/Mahayana | Definition: Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism (often called northern Buddhism) are forms of Buddhism, a spiritual religion and philosophy created by Gautama Buddha (b. c. 566 b.c.e.) and followed by more than 700 million people worldwide. Significance: Theravada Buddhism is more conservative. It places importance on the original Pali language as the birth language of the Buddha. Pali is used in worship. Date: 1st century BCE or 1st century CE. | 23 |
