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| 5310536523 | aurangzeb | Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar 'the Great', under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death. | 0 | |
| 5310539596 | babur | founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530. | 1 | |
| 5310539597 | akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 2 | |
| 5310543797 | battle of lepanto | A naval battle fought between a Spanish and Venetian fleet and the German navy. The Spanish won. The battle meant that European navies and surpassed the Muslims. The Turks could no longer challenge Europeans on international routes. | 3 | |
| 5310543798 | taj mahal | beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife. Built as a tomb. | 4 | |
| 5310545858 | hagia sophia | the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian | 5 | |
| 5310547970 | suleyman the magnificant | Ottoman Sultan (1512-20) expansion in Asia and Europe, helped Ottomans become a naval power, challenged Christian vessels throughout the Mediterranean. 16th Century. The "lawgiver" who was so culturally aware yet exacted murder on two of his sons and a grandson in order to prevent civil war. Ottoman. | 6 | |
| 5310549923 | golden horn | Nickname for Constantinople (capital of Byzantine empire) because it was shaped like a horn and brought in lots of trade (money, gold) because of its access to the Mediterranean, Black, and Aegean seas | 7 | |
| 5310549924 | sikhs | Sect in northwest India; early leaders tried to bridge gap between Hindus and Muslims, but Mughal persecution led to anti-Muslim feelings | 8 | |
| 5310551617 | ottomans | Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world. | 9 | |
| 5310551618 | janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan. | 10 | |
| 5310553760 | zoroastrians | Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong | 11 | |
| 5310555901 | gunpowder empires | Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannons and gunpowder to advance their military causes. | 12 | |
| 5310557267 | safavid dynasty | Founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi'a Islamic beliefs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722; family originated in Sufi mystic group. | 13 | |
| 5310557268 | mughal dynasty | Established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century. | 14 | |
| 5310559829 | asian sea trading network | consitsted of three zones; Asian zone (glass, carpets, tapestries), India (textiles), and China (porcelain, silk, and paper) | 15 | |
| 5310570598 | caravel | Slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia | 16 | |
| 5310570599 | goa | Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on western India coast; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network | 17 | |
| 5310571908 | chongzhen | Last of the Ming emperors; committed suicide in 1644 in the face of a Jurchen capture of the Forbidden City at Beijing | 18 | |
| 5310571909 | manchu | Jurchen people from region northeast of Chinese empire; seized power following collapse of ming dynasty. | 19 | |
| 5310574849 | nobunaga | Japanese Daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; unified much of central honshu | 20 | |
| 5310576400 | school of national learning | New ideology that laid emphasis on Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of chinese imports such as confucianism | 21 | |
| 5310578255 | treaty of gijanti | signed in 1757; reduced remaining javanese princes to vassals of dutch east india trading company. | 22 | |
| 5310578256 | macao | One of two ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty | 23 | |
| 5310580128 | mercantilists | The concept that governments should regulate trade to in order to maximize their hoard of precious metals. Nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bough | 24 | |
| 5310583226 | toyotomo hideyoshi | General under Nobunaga; leading military power in central japan; series of alliances that made him military master in Japan | 25 | |
| 5310586481 | tokugawa leyasu | Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in japan | 26 | |
| 5310586482 | vasco da gama | Portuguese explorer. He led the first European expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497, sighting and naming Natal on Christmas Day before crossing the Indian Ocean and arriving in Calicut | 27 | |
| 5310588773 | middle kingdom | refers to China because the people believed that their land stood between heaven and Earth significance: rationalized the reason as to why the Chinese ruled over so many | 28 | |
| 5310588774 | neo confucian | o Criticized Buddhists as being self-absorbed, and other worldly o Many of their ideas were shaped and influenced by their encounters with Buddhism and Daoism o Produced a system that explained the whole of reality | 29 | |
| 5310593959 | zhenghe expeditions | formerly romanized as Cheng Ho, was a Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming dynasty. Born Ma He, Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433. | 30 | |
| 5310595877 | scholar gentry | (knowledgable gentlemen)chinese class created by the marital approach; based on use of logic to resolve theological probelms | 31 | |
| 5310599542 | forbidden city | the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty—the years 1420 to 1912. It is located in the centre of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum. | 32 |
