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| 7785202464 | Sui | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China | 0 | |
| 7785202465 | Wendi | A noble. Won control of northern China with support of nomadic military leaders. In 589, he defeated the Chen kingdom, which ruled most of the south; established Sui dynasty as ruler. He won popularity by lowering taxes and establishing granaries to ensure a stable, cheap food supply. | 1 | |
| 7785203694 | Yangdi | Wendi's son. Strengthened the state by further conquests and victories over nomads. Reformed the legal code and the Confucian educational system. He undertook extensive construction projects at Loyang and for a series of canals to link the empire. Attempted to conquer Korea, failed. Was defeated by Turkic nomads in Asia in 615. Revolts followed. Assassinated in 618. | 2 | |
| 7785203695 | Ministry of Rites | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars | 3 | |
| 7785204959 | jinshi | Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office. | 4 | |
| 7785204960 | Tang | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria | 5 | |
| 7785204961 | Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology. | 6 | |
| 7785206381 | Empress Wu | Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhism establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state of religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created | 7 | |
| 7785208231 | Zen (chan) | Known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty. | 8 | |
| 7785208232 | Xuanzong | Leading emperor of the Tang Dynasty in China who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion. | 9 | |
| 7785209399 | Yang Guifei | Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt | 10 | |
| 7785210666 | Song | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings | 11 | |
| 7785211888 | Taizu (Zhao) | Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Emperor Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. Was also a scholary man who collected books while out on campaigns. | 12 | |
| 7785211889 | Khitans | Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century | 13 | |
| 7785211890 | Jurchens | Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south. | 14 | |
| 7785213992 | Neo-Confucianism | Revived Ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences | 15 | |
| 7785213993 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society. | 16 | |
| 7785215484 | Grand Canal | Built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long. | 17 | |
| 7785215485 | junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 18 | |
| 7785215486 | flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 19 | |
| 7785218094 | movable type | Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page, rather than requiring the carving of entire pages at a time. It may have been invented in Korea in the thirteenth century. | 20 | |
| 7785219633 | explosive powder | A mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal in various proportions. It was first brought to China, 400's or 500's, to use in fumigators for keeping pests and spirits away. Then it was later used for explosives, like the Song's explosive shell, and to propel cannonballs and bullets. | 21 | |
| 7785219634 | foot binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 22 | |
| 7785220754 | landscape painting | a Sung technique developed and perfected, pictures of natural scenery done on silk, often combined elements of the mountains and water | 23 | |
| 7785220755 | Shinto | indigenous religion to Japan utilizes nature to to provide protection for the community | 24 | |
| 7785220756 | Taika reforms | Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. | 25 | |
| 7785222255 | Heian | Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated | 26 | |
| 7785222256 | Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society. | 27 | |
| 7785224468 | bushido | Code of conduct for Samurai during the feudal period in Japan, did not fully develop until the LATE Postclassical Period. | 28 | |
| 7785224469 | Samurai | Literally 'those who serve,' the hereditary military elite of the Tokugawa Shogunate. , Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 29 | |
| 7785225846 | seppuku | Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor. | 30 | |
| 7785225847 | Gempei Wars | Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira, and the establishment of the Bokufu Gov't, this war brought great suffering to the peasantry. | 31 | |
| 7785227498 | Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 32 | |
| 7785227499 | shogun | Military leaders of Japan during its feudal era and the actual powers behind the emperor until the Meiji restoration. | 33 | |
| 7785227500 | Kamakura | Yorimoto's capital during his shogunate, destroyed in 1331 significance: head of the true power of Japan | 34 | |
| 7785229204 | daimyo | Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of the Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates | 35 | |
| 7785229205 | Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam. | 36 | |
| 7785230785 | tribute system | Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and people's that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute to the Chinese emperor | 37 | |
| 7785230786 | Trung sisters | Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam in 39ce. | 38 | |
| 7861178549 | Steppe diplomacy | The skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads; it involved the use of marriage, assassination, and the giving of gifts. | 39 | |
| 7861178550 | Chinggis Khan | Grandson of Kabul Khan; born in 1170's; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols' rise to world power; died 1227. | 40 | |
| 7861179794 | Khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 41 | |
| 7861179795 | Golden Horde | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries. | 42 | |
| 7861181851 | Ilkhanate | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongols Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid Empire. | 43 | |
| 7861181852 | Chagatai | -Chagatai was son of Genghis Khan. Inherited Chagatai Khanate. Later became fully dependent | 44 | |
| 7861182855 | Battle of Kulikova | The battle waged at Kulikovo was the victory of Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow (one of the Muscovite princes) over Khan Mamai of the Golden Horde. It was the first major defeat by the Russians of the Mongols but it did not eliminate Mongolian rule or presence in Russia, which lingered for another century. | 45 | |
| 7861182856 | Mamluks | Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to early sixteenth centuries | 46 | |
| 7861183979 | Kubilai Khan | Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis(chingiss) Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China and founded the Yuan dynasty | 47 | |
| 7861183980 | Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese. | 48 | |
| 7861184857 | Marco Pole | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.,and he served Kublai Khan | 49 | |
| 7861184858 | Pax Mongolica | The Pax Mongolica or "Mongol Peace" is a phrase coined by Western scholars to describe the social, cultural, and economic outcome of the Mongol Empire's conquest of the territory from Southeast Asia to Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries. As a result of the Mongol conquest, much of the "Silk Road," which connected trade centers across Asia and Europe, came under the rule of the Mongol Empire. "Pax Mongolica" refers to the facilitation of communication and commerce that occurred as a result of this unified administration. | 50 | |
| 7861186264 | Yuan dynasty | Yuan: the imperial dynasty of China from 1279 to 1368. Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. | 51 | |
| 7861186265 | Ming dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 52 | |
| 7861187726 | Timur Lang | Leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360s from base at Samarkand, launched series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 | 53 | |
| 7921220423 | Karakorum | The capital of the mongol empire that was established by Genghis Khan | 54 | |
| 7932868283 | Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. | 55 | |
| 7932868284 | Texcoco | A lake, now drained, in central Mexico where Mexico City now stands formally the site of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, was connected to the shore by many waterways. | 56 | |
| 7932868285 | chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs | 57 | |
| 7932870409 | calpulli | 7 Clans in Aztec society, later explanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors | 58 | |
| 7932872088 | pochetca | Aztec merchants. Extremely wealthy. Had a huge quantity of material goods etc. But explicitly forbidden to take part in political hierarchy so as not to throw off the balance of power. May have sold at Tlatelolco | 59 | |
| 7932873414 | Huitzilipochttli | The chief god of the Mexica or Aztec. Originally associated with war, as the empire grew, he became the Sun god and was worshiped throughout Mesoamerica. Aztecs believed he required a steady diet of human hearts. | 60 | |
| 7932873415 | Quetzalcoatl | Aztec nature god, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Cortes | 61 | |
| 7932875128 | cults | a relatively small group of people having religious beliefs or practices regarded by others as strange or sinister. | 62 | |
| 7932875129 | Flowery Wars | Aztecs would order conquered clans to send out armies to fight theirs but not to actually fight so that their army could gain practice and they could get people to use in the ritual to keep the sun alive. | 63 | |
| 7932875130 | cannibalism | the eating of humans | 64 | |
| 7932876955 | Inca Socialism | A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole. | 65 | |
| 7932876956 | Split Inheritance | Inca practice of descent, all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendents for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy, was Major reason that Inca pushed to expand, | 66 | |
| 7932939098 | Twantinsuyu | Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina. | 67 | |
| 7946777959 | Pachacuti | Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca called "he who shakes the earth" | 68 | |
| 7946777960 | Cuzco | The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru | 69 | |
| 7946777961 | ayllus | In Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler. | 70 | |
| 7946778000 | yanas | A class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the Inca nobility. | 71 | |
| 7946780973 | quipu | An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information. | 72 | |
| 7946780974 | mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control. | 73 |
