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| 6532114951 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into citystates. | 0 | |
| 6532114952 | Cuneiform | a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 1 | |
| 6532114953 | Ziggurats | massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections. | 2 | |
| 6532114954 | City-state | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban based king. | 3 | |
| 6532114955 | Babylonians | unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E. | 4 | |
| 6532114956 | Hammurabi | the most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law. | 5 | |
| 6532114957 | Pharaoh | the term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs. | 6 | |
| 6532114958 | Pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs. | 7 | |
| 6532114959 | Kush | African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 8 | |
| 6532114960 | Indus River | river sources in Himalayas to mouth of Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization. | 9 | |
| 6532114961 | Harappa | along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern. | 10 | |
| 6532114962 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society. | 11 | |
| 6532114963 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 6532114964 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries B.C.E.; previously handed down in oral form. | 13 | |
| 6532114965 | Ramayana | one of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, | 14 | |
| 6532114966 | Sita; written 4th to 2nd centuries B.C.E. | 15 | ||
| 6532114967 | Upanishads | later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority. | 16 | |
| 6532114968 | Yellow River | also known as the Huanghe; site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China. | 17 | |
| 6532114969 | Ideographs | pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing. | 18 | |
| 6532114970 | Shang | first Chinese dynasty for which archaeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E. | 19 | |
| 6532114971 | Olmecs | people of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c. 1200 B.C.E.; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems. | 20 | |
| 6532114972 | Chavín de Huanter | Chavín culture appeared in the highlands of the Andes between 1800 and 1200 B.C.E.; typified by ceremonial centers with large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center was Chavín de Huantar; characterized by artistic motifs. | 21 | |
| 6532114973 | Phoenicians | seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean. | 22 | |
| 6532114974 | Monotheism | the exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization. | 23 | |
| 6532114975 | Buddha | creator of a major Indian and Asian religion; born in the 6th century B.C.E.; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for earthly things. | 24 |
