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| 6404893080 | Muhammad Ali | Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952. | 0 | |
| 6404893081 | Selim III | Sultan who ruled Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807; aimed at improving administrative efficiency and building a new army and navy; toppled by Janissaries in 1807. | 1 | |
| 6404893082 | Mahmud II | Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents. | 2 | |
| 6404893083 | Empress Cixi | Ultraconservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty; supported Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as a means of driving out Westerners. | 3 | |
| 6404893084 | Emperor Mutshito | Young emperor of Japan who took control of the nation's government from the shogun in 1867. He led a reform and modernization movement in Japan that resulted in it being a world power. The Meiji Era began under this Emperor. | 4 | |
| 6404893085 | Conscription | A compulsory contribution of money or service to a government during a time of war. | 5 | |
| 6404893086 | Tanzimat | 'Restructuring' reforms by the nineteenth-century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient. | 6 | |
| 6404893087 | Congress of Berlin | A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa. | 7 | |
| 6404893088 | Russo-Turkish War | This war had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered during the Crimean War, reestablishing itself in the Black Sea, and following the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. | 8 | |
| 6404893089 | Opium War | War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China. | 9 | |
| 6404893090 | Taiping Rebellion | The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. | 10 | |
| 6404893091 | Self-Strengthening Movement | Late 19th century movement in China to counter the challenge from the West; led by provincial leaders. | 11 | |
| 6404893092 | The Three People's Principles | Liberal principles of nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people that was supported by Sun Yat-sen that were very democratic and western in heritage. | 12 | |
| 6404893093 | Chinese Nationalist Party | This party ruled much of China for decades in the 20th century. | 13 | |
| 6404893094 | Sino-Japanese War | Japan's imperialistic war against China to gain control of natural resources and markets for their goods. It ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth which granted Japan Chinese port city trading rights, control of Manchuria, the annexation of the island of Sakhalin, and Korea became its protectorate. | 14 | |
| 6404893095 | Turkification | A process of cultural change designed to make all citizens of the empire feel a part of a common Turkish heritage and society. | 15 | |
| 6404893096 | Boxer Rebellion | Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from china; failed because of intervention of armies of western powers in china; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials. | 16 | |
| 6404893097 | Millenarian Movement | A belief that after a sudden and violent change, a golden age will emerge. | 17 | |
| 6404893098 | Bushido | The Samurai code of conduct. | 18 | |
| 6404893099 | Opium | A drug that became popular in China and gained lots of profit for Britain | 19 | |
| 6404893100 | Treaty of Nanking | Treaty that concluded the Opium War. It awarded Britain a large indemnity from the Qing Empire, denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own borders, opened additional ports of residence to Britons, and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. | 20 | |
| 6404893101 | Spheres of Influence | Areas controlled by countries within other countries. | 21 | |
| 6404893102 | Open Door Policy | A policy which said all powers involved with the treaty would have equal trading rights in China. | 22 | |
| 6404893103 | Commodore Matthew Perry | A navy commander who, on July 8, 1853, became the first foreigner to break through the barriers that had kept Japan isolated from the rest of the world for 250 years. He delivered a letter from the US president, demanding that Japan open its ports to foreign trade. A year later, he returned for their reply, bringing some Western technology. | 23 | |
| 6404893104 | Zaibatsu | A large family-controlled banking and industrial groups that owned many companies in Japan before World War II. | 24 |
