Terms : Hide Images
| 72332507 | Caliphate | Caliphs were the political - and to a certain extent religious - successors of Muhammad. The term in Arabic means "deputy." Four noble caliphs following Muhammad were themselves succeeded by the caliphs of the Umayyad and Abbasid Empires. | 0 | |
| 72332508 | Crusades | Military invasions during the Middle Ages by the Christians of Western Europe with the objective of capturing the Holy Lands from the Muslims. Christian crusader states were established along the eastern Mediterranean coast until later Muslim counter-attacks reconquered the area. The Crusades were also responsible for increasing the cultural and economic integration of Southern Europe with the rest of the world. | 1 | |
| 72332509 | Dar al-Islam | A term meaning "house of Islam" in Arabic. The Dar al-Islam is the expanse of the Islamic world. In the centuries that followed the death of Muhammad, Dar al-Islam stretched from the Iberian Peninsula of Western Europe to the far islands of Southeast Asia. | 2 | |
| 72332510 | Feudalism | A social and political system in which lords are granted landed estates by a monarch in exchange for their loyalty, especially in military matters. Feudalism existed during the Medieval period in Western Europe and also in Japan during the age of the Shoguns. | 3 | |
| 72332511 | Indian Ocean Trade System | A network of trade established between the Indian subcontinent and the Swahili trade cities of Eastern Africa. Ocean-going merchants from the Arabian Peninsula used the regular patterns of the monsoon winds to travel back and forth carrying cargoes of textiles, spices, and precious metals. The domination of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean during the 16th century ended the previous dynamics of this trade system. | 4 | |
| 72332512 | Manorialism | A type of social structure in which a lord has control over the labor on his agricultural estate. Typically serfs were bound to the land and required to work for the lord. | 5 | |
| 72332513 | Missionary | A person who spreads his or her religious belief to others. In several of the major world religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, missionaries were vital in the spread of faith. | 6 | |
| 72332514 | Pandemic | A widespread outbreak of disease. Disease pandemics, such as the bubonic plague of the 14th century and the smallpox pandemic in the Americas after contact with the Europeans, cause global transformations. | 7 | |
| 72332515 | Papacy | Referring to the authority of the Roman Catholic Pope, who is seen as the spiritual successor to Saint Peter. During the Medieval period, the papacy had great religious and some political power over almost all of Western Europe. | 8 |
