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| 8088490991 | Vedas | "Wisdom," early collections of prayers and hymns that provide information about the Indo‐European Aryans who migrated to India around 1500 B.C.E. | 0 | |
| 8088490992 | Theocracy | A government ruled by God or by church leaders | 1 | |
| 8088490993 | Aristocracy | A class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility | 2 | |
| 8088490994 | Artisan | A craftsman | 3 | |
| 8088490995 | Civilization | A cultural group with advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and a system of recordkeeping | 4 | |
| 8088490996 | Edict of Milan | A document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire | 5 | |
| 8088490997 | Polis | A Greek city‐state | 6 | |
| 8088490998 | Indo‐Europeans | A group of semi‐nomadic people who, around 2000 B.C.E. began to migrate from central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East | 7 | |
| 8088490999 | Brahmin | A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society | 8 | |
| 8088491000 | Quetzalcoatl | A Mesoamerica legend of a god who would someday return to rule his people in peace | 9 | |
| 8088491001 | Huns | A nomadic group, believed to be from Central Asia, who invaded into Europe near the end of Rome | 10 | |
| 8088491002 | Democracy | A political system in which the people rule | 11 | |
| 8088491003 | Monsoon | A seasonal wind | 12 | |
| 8088491004 | Dynasty | A series of rulers from the same family | 13 | |
| 8088491005 | Hieroglyphics | A system of picture writing used in Egypt | 14 | |
| 8088491006 | Cuneiform | A system of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge‐shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay | 15 | |
| 8088491007 | Foraging | A term for hunting and gathering | 16 | |
| 8088491008 | Covenant | Agreement; in the Judeo‐Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind | 17 | |
| 8088491009 | Slash‐and‐burn cultivation | An agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees, then use the ashes as fertilizer | 18 | |
| 8088491010 | Pharaoh | An Egyptian monarch | 19 | |
| 8088491011 | Artifact | An object made by human hands | 20 | |
| 8088491012 | Oracle bones | Animal bones or shells used by the Chinese priests to receive messages from the gods. | 21 | |
| 8088491013 | Bodhisattvas | Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetime; Buddhists prayed to them in order to receive some of their holiness | 22 | |
| 8088491014 | Silk Roads | Caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East | 23 | |
| 8088491015 | Analects | Collection of teachings and sayings made by Confucius | 24 | |
| 8088491016 | Jati | Complicated system of subcastes in the Hindu caste system | 25 | |
| 8088491017 | Steppe | Dry grassland | 26 | |
| 8088491018 | Mystery religion | During the Hellenistic age, religions that promised their faithful followers eternity a state of bliss | 27 | |
| 8088491019 | Yahweh | God of the monotheistic religion of Judaism that influcenced later religions of Christianity and Islam | 28 | |
| 8088491020 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher who rejected the theory of forms and ideas, he believed that people could depend on their senses and reason to answer the mysteries of the world | 29 | |
| 8088491021 | Yin and yang | In ancient Chinese belief, the opposing forces that bring balance to nature and life. | 30 | |
| 8088491022 | Nirvana | In Buddhism, a state of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation | 31 | |
| 8088491023 | Filial piety | In China, respect for one's parents and other elders. | 32 | |
| 8088491024 | Moksha | In Hindu belief, the spirit's liberation from the cycle of reincarnation | 33 | |
| 8088491025 | Karma | In the Hindu tradition, the good or evil deeds done by a person | 34 | |
| 8088491026 | Latifundia | Large landholdings in the Roman Empire | 35 | |
| 8088491027 | Alexander the Great | Macedonian king who led an army Eastward and conquered land from Greece to India. He was known as a brilliant military leader and his death marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era | 36 | |
| 8088491028 | Ziggurat | Mesopotamian Temples | 37 | |
| 8088491029 | Disciple | One of the 12 followers of Christ, or any of the professed followers of Christ in his lifetime | 38 | |
| 8088491030 | Zoroastrianism | Persian religion based on the teaching of the 6th century BCE prophet Zarathustra; its emphasis on the duality of good and evil and on the role of individuals in determining their own fate would influence later religions | 39 | |
| 8088491031 | Patriarchal | Pertaining to a social system in which the father is the head of the family | 40 | |
| 8088491032 | Reincarnation | Rebirth; a belief of both Buddhism and Hinduism | 41 | |
| 8088491033 | Matrilineal | Referring to a social system in which descent and inheritance are traced through the mother | 42 | |
| 8088491034 | Twelve tables | The codification of Roman law during the republic | 43 | |
| 8088491035 | Mandate of heaven | The "will of the gods" that granted a ruler the right to rule | 44 | |
| 8088491036 | Geocentric theory | The belief held by many before the Scientific Revolution that the earth is the center of the universe | 45 | |
| 8088491037 | Polytheism | The belief in many gods | 46 | |
| 8088491038 | Monotheism | The belief in one god | 47 | |
| 8088491039 | Animism | The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature | 48 | |
| 8088491040 | Hsiung‐nu | The Central Nomadic people who invaded into China in the ancient world | 49 | |
| 8088491041 | Sati | The custom among the higher castes of Hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the burning funeral pyre of her husband | 50 | |
| 8088491042 | Specialization of labor | The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work | 51 | |
| 8088491043 | Hellenistic age | The era in which Greek culture blended with Persian and other Eastern influences and spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great | 52 | |
| 8088491044 | Diaspora | The exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland | 53 | |
| 8088491045 | Torah | The first five books of the Jewish scripture. | 54 | |
| 8088491046 | Pope | The head of the Roman Catholic Church | 55 | |
| 8088491047 | Varna | The Hindu word for caste | 56 | |
| 8088491048 | Independent invention | The idea that ancient civilizations were able to achieve characteristics of civilization without contact with others | 57 | |
| 8088491049 | Neolithic revolution | The introduction of agriculture, domestication of animals, and a more sedentary life during the Neolithic Age | 58 | |
| 8088491050 | Ten commandments | The moral law of the Hebrews | 59 | |
| 8088491051 | Stoicism | The most popular Hellenistic philosophy; it involved strict discipline and an emphasis on helping others. | 60 | |
| 8088491052 | Neolithic age | The New Stone Age that was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture | 61 | |
| 8088491053 | Climate | The pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time | 62 | |
| 8088491054 | New testament | The portion of the Christian Bible that contains the Gospels that relate the account of the life of Jesus; letters from the followers of Jesus to the early Christian churches and the Book of Revelation, a prophetic text | 63 | |
| 8088491055 | Dharma | The position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by one's birth | 64 | |
| 8088491056 | Pastoralism | The practice of herding | 65 | |
| 8088491057 | Messiah | The religious term for "any expected deliverer" | 66 | |
| 8088491058 | Pax Romana | The Roman Peace; the period of prosperity and stability throughout the Roman Empire in the first two centuries C.E. | 67 | |
| 8088491059 | Untouchables | The social division in Hindu society that fell in rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection | 68 | |
| 8088491060 | Agricultural Revolution | he transition from foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000 ‐ 2000 BC; also known as the Neolithic revolution | 69 | |
| 8088491061 | Cultural diffusion | the transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another | 70 |
