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| 6059148931 | Muhammed Ali | Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early 19th century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952 | 0 | |
| 6059150147 | Janiessaries | Infantry, originally slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the 15th century until the corps was abolished in 1826 | 1 | |
| 6059150148 | Serbia | Ottoman province in the Balkans that rose up against Jannissary rule in the early 1800s. After WW II, the central province of Yugoslavia. Serb leaders struggled to maintain dominance as the Yugoslavia federation dissolved in the 1990s | 2 | |
| 6059151000 | Tanzimat | Restructuring reforms by the 19th century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient. | 3 | |
| 6059151001 | Crimean War | Conflict between Russian and Ottoman empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support Ottomans. | 4 | |
| 6059153347 | extraterritoriality | The right of foreign residents in a country to live under the laws of their native country and disregard the laws of the host country. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, European and American nationals living in certain areas of Chinese and Ottoman cities were granted this right. | 5 | |
| 6059153348 | Slavophiles | Russian intellectuals in the early 19th century who favored resisting western European influences and taking pride in the traditional peasant values and institutions of the Slavic people. | 6 | |
| 6059155298 | Pan-Slavism | Movement amongRussian intellectuals in the second half of the 19th century to identify culturally and politically with the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe | 7 | |
| 6059155299 | Decembrist Revolt | Abortive attempt by army officers to take control of the Russian government upon the death of Tsar Alexander I in 1825 | 8 | |
| 6059156633 | Opium War | War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories, The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China. | 9 | |
| 6059156634 | Bannermen | Hereditary military servants of the Qing Empire, in large part descendants of peoples of various origins who had fought for the founders of the empire. | 10 | |
| 6059157668 | Treaty of Nanking | The treaty that concluded the Opium War. It awarded Britain a large indemnity from the Qing Empire. It denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own birders, opened additional ports of residence to Britons and ceded the island of Hong Kong to Britain. | 11 | |
| 6059157669 | treaty ports | Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories. In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality | 12 | |
| 6059159894 | most-favored-nation status | A clause in a commercial treaty that awards to any later signatories all the privileges previously granted to the original signatories. | 13 | |
| 6059159895 | Taiping Rebellion | A Christian-inspired rural rebellion that threatened to topple the Qing Empire. | 14 |
