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| 8791622073 | Explain why sailing in the Indian Ocean was much easier and safer than sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. | The Indian Ocean was easier to sail due to its seasonal winds such as the Monsoon winds. | 0 | |
| 8791622074 | Identify the Asian vessels that sailed in the Indian Ocean. | Junks were the Asian vessels that sailed in the Indian Ocean. | 1 | |
| 8791622075 | Identify the two European nations that initiated a maritime revolution. | Portugal and Spain were the two European nations. | 2 | |
| 8791622076 | Identify the factors that contributed to the motivation for Latin European expansion to the New World. | European conquest of the New World was motivated by European nation-states' need to gain increasingly scarce resources. | 3 | |
| 8791622077 | Identify the two factors that contributed to the emergence of Spain as one of the most powerful European states in the 16th century. | Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile and Christopher Columbus voyaging to the Americas were the two factors that contributed to the emergence of Spain. | 4 | |
| 8791622078 | Explain why Italian states did not lead European exploration. | The Italian states had a treaty with the muslims that allowed them to be able to trade my land. The Italian ships were also ill suited for the Atlantic hurricanes. | 5 | |
| 8791622079 | Identify an example of early motivation for Portuguese maritime exploration. | To get to India in order to set a trade route for the spice trade. | 6 | |
| 8791622080 | After initial explorations of Africa, identify the eventual goal of Portuguese explorers. | Gain access to the Sub-Saharan gold trade. | 7 | |
| 8791622081 | Identify the technologies and intellectual breakthroughs that contributed to European exploration. | The technologies and intellectual breakthroughs were compasses, better maps, and improved ships. | 8 | |
| 8791622082 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Explored Africa's West Coast | 9 | |
| 8791622083 | Vasco de Gama | the first European to reach India by sea. | 10 | |
| 8791622084 | Christopher Columbus | the first European to reach the Americas | 11 | |
| 8791622085 | Hernan Cortes | a Spanish Conquistador and led to the fall of the Aztec Empire. | 12 | |
| 8791622086 | Bartolomeu Dias | a portuguese explorer to tried to sail to the India but failed halfway. | 13 | |
| 8791622087 | Explain the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas. | The Treaty of Tordesillas re-established the line 370 leagues (1,770 km) west of the Cape Verde Islands. It was evident that little exploration had taken place at the time the treaty was signed because Spain was granted a much larger portion of land. Portugal was only given possession of Brazil. | 14 | |
| 8791622088 | Explain the results of Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade routes. | Considerable Portuguese profit, that they charged a lower price for pepper then venice or genoa,that more spices and luxury goods were shipped to europe and little impact on the african and asian mainlands | 15 | |
| 8791622089 | Contrast the patterns of Spanish and Portuguese expansion. | The Spanish Empire was a territorial Empire while the Portuguese empire was a trading Empire. Portuguese had colonies in Africa, Asia and parts of the new world. From conquest and trade in these regions the Portuguese became a major trading nation. Spanish expeditions took control over vast amounts of land in the Americas including Peru, Mexico, the Caribbean, and parts of southern US. From conquering the natives in the Americas, Conquistadors found gold, treasure, chocolate, spices, slave labor, wine, tobacco, and sugar. | 16 | |
| 8791622090 | Identify the causes of the Columbian Exchange. | The Columbian Exchange took place as a result of the European colonization of the Americas. The transfer of culture and biology between the Old and New World that characterizes the exchange began when Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean Islands in 1492. | 17 | |
| 8791622091 | Identify and explain the environmental and demographic effects of the Columbian Exchange. | Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. Beginning after Columbus' discovery in 1492 the exchange lasted throughout the years of expansion and discovery. The Columbian Exchange impacted the social and cultural makeup of both sides of the Atlantic. | 18 | |
| 8791622092 | Describe the purpose of the Enlightenment movement and its relationship to the Scientific Revolution. | European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the "long 18th century" (1685-1815) as part of a movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment. ... The Enlightenment ultimately gave way to 19th-century Romanticism. Enlightenment stressed looking at things from a scientific perspective. The scientific revolution allowed enlightenists to use their senses to discover new things about the world around them, and was the introduction of the scientific method to solve problems. | 19 | |
| 8791622093 | Explain the role of women in the Enlightenment. | Although the role of women in the Enlightenment has long been debated, there are still constants that many agree on. Salons were new for the time with women socializing and discussing enlightenment ideas, furthering their roles in society and creating stepping stones for future progress. | 20 | |
| 8791622094 | Briefly describe John Locke's views on the source of power within a government. | He argued that people have rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property, that have a foundation independent of the laws of any particular society. Locke used the claim that men are naturally free and equal as part of the justification for understanding legitimate political government as the result of a social contract where people in the state of nature conditionally transfer some of their rights to the government in order to better ensure the stable, comfortable enjoyment of their lives, liberty, and property. Since governments exist by the consent of the people in order to protect the rights of the people and promote the public good, governments that fail to do so can be resisted and replaced with new governments. | 21 | |
| 8791622095 | Identify the factors that influenced the development of Enlightenment thought. | The Enlightenment influenced society in the areas of politics, philosophy, religion and the arts. Both the American and French Revolutions were based on Enlightenment ideals. | 22 | |
| 8791622096 | Explain the relationship between absolutism and the divine right of kings. | Absolutism is a system in which one person (the monarch) personally holds all governmental power. There are no checks on the monarch's power as there would be in a constitutional monarchy or in a feudal system (where the king's rule depends to some extent on the consensus of his barons). People often refer to Louis XIV and the Russian tsars as absolute monarchs. The divine right of kings is the belief that the monarch rules "by the grace of God." Thus, he is not just the ruler because of accident of birth or because of military might but because he was elected by God to rule as king. You can see how these would be related. The latter doctrine (divine right of kings) can be used to justify the former (a system where the king holds absolute power). | 23 | |
| 8791622097 | Identify the factor that led to the English Civil War. | Religion was a major cause of the English Civil War. It was part of a Europe wide conflict between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. At the start of his reign (1625) King Charles I had married the Roman Catholic Henrietta Maria of France. | 24 | |
| 8791622098 | Explain the significance of Oliver Cromwell. | Born in 1599, a member of the lesser gentry who later became a leading figure in the English Civil War and in the non-monarchic government that replaced the regime of the beheaded King Charles I. He was Lord Protector of England from 1653 until his death in September 1658. | 25 | |
| 8791622099 | Explain the relationship between the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights. | The English Bill of Rights moved the English people from being subjects under the rule of one king to free people with rights under the government. The Bill of Rights was the first step towards what would come to be known as the English Constitution. The bill was passed after James II abandoned the throne during the Revolution of 1688, which occurred due to his abuse of power. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange. | 26 | |
| 8791622100 | Explain the significance of the Versailles palace in France. | The Palace of Versailles is the central part of a complex that housed the French government, most notably its royalty, during the reigns of Louis XIV (France's famed "Sun King"), Louis XV and Louis XVI. After the French Revolution in 1789, it ceased to be a permanent royal residence. | 27 | |
| 8791622101 | Identify the economic problems Russia faced during the time of Mongol domination. | The impact of the Mongol rule in Russia was that the Russian people turned into a highly monastic people, the country was divided and made weaker, it was protected from powerful neighbors such as Hungary and Poland and was kept from western Europe influences such as the Renaissance. The highly monastic people were a direct result of the crushing severity of the Mongol rule that led people to look within themselves for a divine purpose for their suffering. | 28 | |
| 8791622102 | Describe the state of the Russian economy following the expulsion of the Mongols. | Russia had become a more purely agricultural economy, dependent on peasant labor. | 29 | |
| 8791622103 | Evaluate the extent of westernization reforms made by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. | It expanded their empire without becoming a Western society. During the reign of Peter the Great, Russia imitated the way the west ran from economy to culture. She patronized the art, architecture, and even brought the idea of the French Enlightenment. | 30 | |
| 8791622104 | Describe the relationship between the following: the Tsar, Nobility, and the Serfs. | During 17th and 18th c. power of nobility over serfs increases steadily. The people in charge of the noble were the Tsar following expulsion of Tatars, Russian peasants fall into debt must accept servile status Retained access to land, but not ownership Government encouraged this process as a way to satisfy nobility | 31 | |
| 8791622105 | Explain why the Russian government played a greater role in economic development when compared to Western governments. | Because of the absence of a merchant class, the Russian government played a greater role than was common in Western states. | 32 | |
| 8791622106 | Identify the factors motivated Russia's territorial expansion. | to find a path of "least resistance" to expand and get more resources--in this case Siberia had lots of animals with profitable fur to sell | 33 |
