Terms from 13 to 17
Terms : Hide Images
| 467171511 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 0 | |
| 467171512 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 1 | |
| 467171513 | Theodora | The wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt. | 2 | |
| 467171514 | Belisarius | A Byzantine general under Justinian. He recovered former Roman territories in Northern Africa and fought against the Persians. | 3 | |
| 467171515 | Basil II | The Byzantine ruler who led a resurgence of power in the eleventh century by crushing the Bulgars; established the theme system in the empire | 4 | |
| 467171516 | St Cyril | a missionary sent by the Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans... converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity...responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic | 5 | |
| 467171517 | Vladimir of Kiev | Prince Vladimir of Kiev converted to Orthodox Christianity around 989. He ordered that his subjects convert, affirming the influence that Byzantine had on Russia. | 6 | |
| 467171518 | Byzantion | A modest market town turned military and economic center of the Byzantine empire significance: led to the name "Byzantium" | 7 | |
| 467171519 | Constantinople | Previously known as Byzantium, Constantine changed the name of the city and moved the capitol of the Roman Empire here from Rome. | 8 | |
| 467171520 | Caesaropapism | Religious and political power concentrated in the hands of the emperor | 9 | |
| 467171521 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. | 10 | |
| 467171522 | Greek fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | 11 | |
| 467171523 | Bezant | Gold coin, standard currency of the Byzantine empire | 12 | |
| 467171524 | Theme | Byzantine province under the control of generals.Citizen farmers were given land to work in return for military service when required. The system was hereditary, so the citizens actually owned the land; however, the obligation for military service was also hereditary, but this meant that the empire had a constant supply of manpower for the military from generation to generation. | 13 | |
| 467171525 | Arianism | Early teaching of the church that was heretical by saying that Jesus was not God but created by God | 14 | |
| 467171526 | Iconoclasm | A religious controvery of the 8th century; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to surpress icon veneration | 15 | |
| 467171527 | Crusades | A series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims | 16 | |
| 467171528 | Battle of Manzikert | (1071 CE) Saljuq Turks defeat Byzantine armies in this battle in Anatolia; shows the declining power of Byzantium. | 17 | |
| 467171529 | Saljuqs | Turkish tribe that gained control over the Abbasid empire and fought with the Byzantine empire. | 18 | |
| 467171530 | Ottomans | Turks who had come to Anatolia and conquered Constantinople and changed the name to Istanbul. They converted to Islam | 19 | |
| 467171531 | Cyrillic alphabet | an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages | 20 | |
| 467171532 | Kiev | Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century. | 21 | |
| 467171533 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) | 22 | |
| 467171534 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 23 | |
| 467171535 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God | 24 | |
| 467171536 | Dar al-Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule. | 25 | |
| 467171537 | Umma | the community of all Muslims | 26 | |
| 467171538 | Five Pillars of Islam | true Muslims were expected to follow (principle of Salvation): belief in Allah, pray 5 times a day, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime | 27 | |
| 467171539 | Sharia | body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life | 28 | |
| 467171540 | Caliph | a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government | 29 | |
| 467171541 | Umayyad | Arabic dynasty (661-750), with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east. | 30 | |
| 467171542 | Shia | The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 31 | |
| 467171543 | Abbasid | Dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years they maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic civilization and culture flourished | 32 | |
| 467171544 | Ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. | 33 | |
| 467171545 | Caravanseria | an inn with a large outdoor area where caravans could stay | 34 | |
| 467171546 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 35 | |
| 467171547 | Hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah | 36 | |
| 467171548 | Madrasas | Islamic schools | 37 | |
| 470588760 | Sui Dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China | 38 | |
| 470588761 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 39 | |
| 470588762 | Tang Dynasty | Considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia | 40 | |
| 470588763 | Equal-field system | Agricultural reform favoring the peasants under the Tang dynasty in China, inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant's descendants and the rest went to the government. | 41 | |
| 470588764 | Bureaucracy of Merit | Bureaucracy chosen by civil service examinations based on Confucian education - no longer decided by family lineage | 42 | |
| 470588765 | Middle Kingdom | refers to China because the people believed that their land stood between heaven and earth. | 43 | |
| 470588766 | Uighurs | Nomadic Turkish people who were hired by the Tang to defeat the rebellion of An Lushan, later sacked Chang'an and Luoyang. | 44 | |
| 470588767 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with India and Persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings | 45 | |
| 470588768 | Khitan | Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century | 46 | |
| 470588769 | Neo-Confucianism | The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief. | 47 | |
| 470588770 | Silla | Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668. | 48 | |
| 470588771 | Vietnam | Southeastern Asian country, called Nam Viet, successfully rebelled from China in 939. fell into chaos, stabilized after a series of long dynasties | 49 | |
| 470588772 | Nara Japan | Japanese period (710-794) centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence. | 50 | |
| 470588773 | Heian period | The era in Japanese history from A.D. 794-1185, arts and writing flourished during this time. Moved away from Chinese culture | 51 | |
| 470588774 | Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan | 52 | |
| 470588775 | Shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 53 | |
| 470588776 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 54 | |
| 470588777 | Bushido | The strict code of behavior followed by samurai warriors in Japan | 55 | |
| 470588778 | Harsha | (r.606-648 CE) He restored centralized rule in northern India after the collapse of the Gupta. He can be compared to Charlemagne. | 56 | |
| 470588779 | Mahmud of Ghazni | Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern India; credited with sacking one of wealthiest of Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression. | 57 | |
| 470588780 | Sultanate of Delhi | Unstable kingdom in North India founded by the Ghaznavids. This invasion was more systematic than Mahmud's and after it succedded, the capital was established at Delhi. Raided south India. Established Islam in India. | 58 | |
| 470588781 | Chola kingdom | Kingdom situated in the deep south. At its high point, Chola forces conquered Ceylon and parts of southeast Asia, funded by the profits of trade, dominated the sea, did not build a tightly centralized state. | 59 | |
| 470588782 | Kingdom of Axum | Founded in the highlands of northern Ethiopia, adopted Christianity, built an empire that included most of Ethiopia as well as Yemen in southern Arabia. | 60 | |
| 470588783 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 61 | |
| 470653172 | Clovis | king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy | 62 | |
| 470653173 | Charles Martel | Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe. | 63 | |
| 470653174 | Charlemagne | Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800 | 64 | |
| 470653175 | Pope Gregory I | He protected the city of Rome and the church by mobilizing forces for the purpose of defense; he reasserted papal supremacy and increased the role and importance of the church in people's lives | 65 | |
| 470653176 | Franks | Group of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis. They converted to Christianity | 66 | |
| 470653177 | Missi dominici | Royal officials under Charlemagne who traveled around the country to enforce the king's laws | 67 | |
| 470653178 | Magyars | Muslims who attacked Europe and converted to Christianity and established Hungary | 68 | |
| 470653179 | Vikings | Seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century. | 69 | |
| 470660258 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor who had little control over the hundreds of princes who elected him. It lasted from 962 to 1806. | 70 | |
| 470660259 | Monasticism | A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith | 71 |
