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| 4179979985 | Unit 1: (to-600 BCE) | Technological and Environmental Transformations | 0 | |
| 4219277033 | Unit 2: (600 BCE-600 CE) | Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies | 1 | |
| 4219278797 | Unit 3: (600 CE - 1450 CE) | Regional & Transregional Interactions | 2 | |
| 4219280465 | Unit 4: (1450 CE - 1900 CE) | Global Interactions | 3 | |
| 4219281649 | Unit 5: (1750 CE - 1900 CE) | Industrialization & Global Integration | 4 | |
| 4219282776 | Unit 6: (1900 CE - Present) | Accelerating Global Change & Realignment | 5 | |
| 4179904861 | 3500 BCE Civilization arises in Mesopotamia | - Development of government to bring order - The emergence of social classes as the result of specialization of labor and accumulation of wealth. - Interest in trade - system of writing that would endure for 1,000's of years | 6 | |
| 4179941078 | 3000 BCE Hinduism being practiced in India | - The Bhagavad Gita: Illustrated expectations of Hinduism and promise of salvation - Achieve salvation through meeting caste responsibilities - Lead honorable lives in the world | 7 | |
| 4179945883 | 483 BCE Siddhartha Gautama dies (Buddha) | - Founder of Buddhism - The Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path are the way to end suffering - Suffering is caused by desire - Religious goal: personal salvation, or nirvana, a state of perfect spiritual independence | 8 | |
| 4179945884 | 0-40 CE Life of Jesus (Christianity) | - A prophet of the first century of our era - was both God and man, the Messiah sent by God to save the human race from the sin it inherited through the Fall of Man | 9 | |
| 4179953945 | 500 CE End of Roman Empire/ Start Feudal West Europe | - The barracks emperors: series of generals seizing throne - Germanic invasions and the fall of the western Roman empire - Under the Huns' pressure, Germanic peoples streamed into the Roman empire (eastern half survived | 10 | |
| 4179956616 | 632 Death of Muhammad | - After Muhammad's death, Arab conquerors spread the word of Islam throughout a vast territory extending from the Indus River to the Iberian Peninsula within one century - rapid expansion of Islam contributed to the development of a massive trade and communication network in which goods and ideas spread freely | 11 | |
| 4179959570 | 750 Fall of Umayyad Dynasty and Rise of Abbasid Islamic Empire | The Abbasids rose in the year 750 to replace the Umayyad dynasty, by uniting several groups which had grievances against the Umayyads. This included the Shia, who liked the fact that the Abbasids, unlike the Umayyads, had a direct familial tie to Mohammed, many religious figures who thought the Umayyad dynasty had become corrupt and impious, and non-Arabs who resented the domination of major offices in the Caliphate by Arabs. | 12 | |
| 4179963482 | 900 Ghana kings convert to Islam and didn't force others in West Africa (Kingdom of Ghana) | - Provided gold (most important), ivory, and slaves for traders from north Africa - Koumbi-Saleh, capital city of Ghana, a thriving commercial center - Nomadic raids from the Sahara weakened the kingdom in the early thirteenth century | 13 | |
| 4189574957 | 1095 First Crusade: Europeans go to West Asia to re-conquer Holy Lands | - Pope Urban II called Christian knights to take up arms and seize the holy land, 1095 - French and Norman nobles organized military expedition, 1096 - Jerusalem fell to the crusaders, 1099; Muslims recaptured, 1187 | 14 | |
| 4189592113 | 1250-1350 Mongol Empire: 4 Khanates=Russia, Persia, Central Asia, China | - The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206, and at its height, encompassed the majority of territories from southeast Asia to central Europe. - After unifying the Mongol-Turkic tribes, the Empire expanded via numerous conquests over continental Eurasia, beginning with the conquests of Western Xia in north China and the Khwarezmid Empire in Iran. | 15 | |
| 4189596154 | 1300-1500 Italian Renaissance | - Renaissance, or rebirth of art and learning, 1400-1600 - City-states sponsored innovations in art and architecture - Renaissance architecture: Simple and elegant style, inherited from classical Greek and Roman | 16 | |
| 4189607231 | 1324 Mali King (Mansa Musa) makes pilgrimage to Mecca | In Egypt, Mansa Musa gave away thousand of ingots of gold. Egyptian traders took advantage of him and his wealth and charged him 5 times as much as the normal price. Once Mansa Musa returned to Cairo, he ran out of money and had to borrow money from Egyptian Merchants. Mansa Musa's pilgrimage had a large impact on development of Islam in Mali. | 17 | |
| 4189612657 | 1453 Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks | - Christian relics were made of solid gold and silver, decorated with huge gems and ancient cameos and there was rumors that claimed Constantinople contained vast stores of gold which caught the attention of the Turks - By the early 15th century the city had lost all its provinces to Turkish occupation and was totally isolated. | 18 | |
| 4189622002 | 1492 Spain Unifies, Columbus, Start of Columbian Exchange, Moors driven out | - Native Americans benefited from New World benefited from Written Alphabet, New Farming Capabilities, New Firearm and Weapon Capabilities, & Architectural Ingenuity - brought exchange of new animals, foods, and plants between the Old World and the New World - transmission of diseases which had adverse effects on both the Old and New World alike | 19 | |
| 4189625148 | 1506 Kongo King converts to Christianity | - Established diplomatic and commercial relations with Portugal, 1482 - Kings of Kongo converted to Christianity sixteenth century; King Afonso - Portuguese traded textiles, weapons, and advisors for Kongolese gold, silver, ivory, and slaves - Slave trade undermined authority of kings of Kongo - Deteriorated relations led to war in 1665; Kongo king decapitated | 20 | |
| 4189642039 | 1600 Arrival of Conquistadores in Mexico | Hernan Cortés - Aztec (Mexico) and Inca (Peru) societies wealthier, more complex than Caribbean societies - With 450 men, Cortés conquered the Aztec empire, 1519-1521 - Tribal resentment against the Mexica helped Cortés Epidemic disease (smallpox) also aided Spanish efforts | 21 | |
| 4190189694 | 1600 British East India Company trading in India | - East India Company, British. East India Company, British, 1600-1874, company chartered by Queen Elizabeth I for trade with Asia. The original object of the group of merchants involved was to break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade with the East Indies. - A group of merchants were given monopoly privileges on all trade with the East Indies. The Company's ships first arrived in India, at the port of Surat, in 1608. | 22 | |
| 4196019656 | 1607 Founding of Jamestown | In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked Jamestown, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after their King, James I. The settlement became the first permanent English settlement in North America. | 23 | |
| 4196025248 | 1644 Rise of Qing dynasty in China | The Qing Empire (1644-1912) was the last great dynastic empire to rule the region. Like most Chinese dynasties, the Qing Dynasty had powerful and long-lived rulers at the beginning of the dynastic era, a period of prosperity in the beginning and middle of their dynastic era, and natural disasters, rebellions, invasions and inept ruling courts at the end. | 24 | |
| 4196029801 | 1765 James Watt perfects the Steam Engine | - an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power - Burned coal, which drove a piston, which turned a wheel - Widespread use by 1800 meant increased productivity, cheaper prices | 25 | |
| 4196033058 | 1776 American Revolution | The war of independence waged by the American colonies against Britain influenced political ideas and revolutions around the globe, as a fledgling, largely disconnected nation won its freedom from the greatest military force of its time. | 26 | |
| 4196036467 | 1807 Slave Trade abolished in Britain (1814=French & U.S=1808) | - The U.S. Congress passes an act to "prohibit the importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States...from any foreign kingdom, place, or country." - Great Britain also banned the African slave trade in 1807, but the trade of African slaves to Brazil and Cuba continued until the 1860s. | 27 | |
| 4196053709 | 1833 Slavery Abolished in Britain (1848=France U.S.=1865) | Slavery was officially abolished in most of the British Empire on 1 August 1834. In practical terms, however, only slaves below the age of six were freed, as all slaves over the age of six were redesignated as "apprentices". Apprentices would continue to serve their former owners for a period of time after the abolition of slavery, though the length of time they served depended on which of three classes of apprentice they were. | 28 | |
| 4196059774 | 1843 Treaty of Nanjing ends the Opium War between Britain & China | Treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers. China paid the British an indemnity, ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a "fair and reasonable" tariff. | 29 | |
| 4196067579 | 1848 Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx (Early years of German Industry) | - The political pamphlet-arguably the most influential in history-proclaimed that "the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles" and that the inevitable victory of the proletariat, or working class, would put an end to class society forever | 30 | |
| 4203816950 | 1857 Start of direct British rule in India, after the Sepoy Mutiny | - British offended Hindu and Muslim so they revolted - revolts failed - Britain didn't want trouble - set up officials to keep up an eye in India | 31 | |
| 4203828691 | 1868 Meji restoration in Japan | In the birth of modern Japan, patriotic samurai from Japan's outlying domains join with anti-shogunate nobles in restoring the emperor to power after 700 years. The motive for the coup was a fear by many Japanese that the nation's feudal leaders were ill equipped to resist the threat of foreign domination. Soon after seizing power, the young Emperor Meiji and his ministers moved the royal court from Kyoto to Tokyo, dismantled feudalism, and enacted widespread reforms along Western models. The newly unified Japanese government also set off on a path of rapid industrialization and militarization, building Japan into a major world power by the early 20th century. | 32 | |
| 4203828692 | 1884-5 Berlin Conference to decide rules for dividing Africa | - Berlin West Africa Conference, a series of negotiations (Nov. 15, 1884-Feb. 26, 1885) at Berlin, in which the major European nations met to decide all questions connected with the Congo River basin in Central Africa. - guaranteed freedom for trade and shipping for all states in the basin; forbade slave trading; and rejected Portugal's claims to the Congo River estuary | 33 | |
| 4203830962 | 1914-1918 WW1 | In late June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia. An escalation of threats and mobilization orders followed the incident, leading by mid-August to the outbreak of World War I, which pitted Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire (Central Powers) vs. Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan (the Allied Powers). The Allies were joined after 1917 by the US. The four years of the Great War-as it was then known-saw carnage and destruction, due to grueling trench warfare and the introduction of modern weaponry such as machine guns, tanks and chemical weapons. By the time World War I ended in the defeat of the Central Powers in November 1918, more than 9 million soldiers had been killed and 21 million more wounded. | 34 | |
| 4203832029 | 1939-1945 WW2 | The instability created in Europe by the First World War (1914-18) set the stage for another international conflict (WW2) which broke out two decades later and would prove even more devastating. Rising to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi Party) rearmed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to further his ambitions of world domination. Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun. Over the next six years, the conflict would take more lives and destroy more land and property around the globe than any previous war. Among the estimated 45-60 million people killed were 6 million Jews murdered in Nazi concentration camps as part of Hitler's diabolical "Final Solution," now known as the Holocaust. | 35 | |
| 4203832030 | 1947 Indian Dependance | The Indian Independence Bill, which carves the independent nations of India and Pakistan out of the former Mogul Empire, comes into force at the stroke of midnight. The long-awaited agreement ended 200 years of British rule and was hailed by Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi as the "noblest act of the British nation." However, religious strife between Hindus and Muslims, which had delayed Britain's granting of Indian independence after World War II, soon marred Gandhi's exhilaration | 36 | |
| 4203850939 | 1948 Creation of State of Israel (Britain pulls out of Middle East) | On May 14, 1948, in Tel Aviv, Jewish Agency Chairman David Ben-Gurion proclaims the State of Israel, establishing the first Jewish state in 2,000 years. In an afternoon ceremony at the Tel Aviv Art Museum, Ben-Gurion pronounced the words "We hereby proclaim the establishment of the Jewish state in Palestine, to be called Israel." | 37 | |
| 4203854998 | 1949 Communist Revolution in China | The September 1949 conference in Peking was both a celebration of the communist victory in the long civil war against Nationalist Chinese forces and the unveiling of the communist regime that would henceforth rule over China. Mao and his communist supporters had been fighting against what they claimed was a corrupt and decadent Nationalist government in China since the 1920s. Despite massive U.S. support for the Nationalist regime, Mao's forces were victorious in 1949 and drove the Nationalist government onto the island of Taiwan. | 38 | |
| 4217514331 | 1950 Start of Korea War | On June 25, 1950, the Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People's Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War. The Korean peninsula is still divided today. | 39 | |
| 4217514332 | 1955 Bandung Conference where emerging nations declare Non-Alignment | held in Bandung, Indonesia-comes to a close on this day. During the conference, representatives from 29 "non-aligned" nations in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East met to condemn colonialism, decry racism, and express their reservations about the growing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. | 40 | |
| 4217515412 | 1960 "The year of Africa" when many African nations gain independence | 1960 is referred to as the Year of Africa because of a series of events that took place during the year (independence of seventeen African nations) that highlighted the growing Pan-African sentiments in the continent. The year brought about the culmination of African independence movements and the subsequent emergence of Africa as a major force in the United Nations. These rapid political development led to speculation and hope about the future of Africa as a whole; yet at the same time, the continent was beginning to face the realities of post-colonial violence. This year also saw the beginning of armed opposition to South African Apartheid government, with political ramifications across Africa and around the world. | 41 | |
| 4217515413 | 1961 Construction of Berlin Wall | Two days after sealing off free passage between East and West Berlin with barbed wire, East German authorities begin building a wall-the Berlin Wall-to permanently close off access to the West. For the next 28 years, the heavily fortified Berlin Wall stood as the most tangible symbol of the Cold War-a literal "iron curtain" dividing Europe. | 42 | |
| 4217516263 | 1990 Fall of Communism in Russia & East Europe | representatives from 11 Soviet republics met in the Kazakh city of Alma-Ata and announced that they would no longer be part of the Soviet Union. Instead, they declared they would establish a Commonwealth of Independent States. Because the three Baltic republics | 43 | |
| 4217516264 | 2001 Attack on World Trade Center - War on Terror begins | On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania | 44 |
