Time of the Mesopotamian empires
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| 274498439 | Jews | Isrealites who were sent into exile by the Assyrians. They were later able to return to Judea during the reign of Darius | 0 | |
| 274498440 | Indo-Europeans | People originating from Russia. They created many languages and societies as they migrated across Eurasia. | 1 | |
| 274498441 | Indo-Europeans | People who developed the chariot and spread the use of horses. Developers of iron metallurgy. | 2 | |
| 274498442 | Abraham | Leader of the Hebrews who led them to northern Mesopotamia | 3 | |
| 274498443 | Monotheism | Belief in one all-powerful god. | 4 | |
| 274498444 | Yahweh | God of the Isrealites, Hebrews, and Jews | 5 | |
| 274498445 | Isrealites | Hebrews who inhabited Egypt. They later migrated back to Palestine under Moses. | 6 | |
| 274498446 | Torah | A book consisting of religious events and teachings. Followed by the Isrealites. Outlines their beliefs and their moral code. | 7 | |
| 274498447 | Nebuchadnezzar | Founder and king of the second Babylonian empire. | 8 | |
| 274498448 | Moses | Leader of the Isrealites who led them from Egypt and back to Palestine. He was the guiding force of Monotheism (Yahweh) | 9 | |
| 274498449 | Chaldean empire | Name of the second Babylonian empire | 10 | |
| 274498450 | iron metallurgy | Cheap metallurgy that became the primary metal for tools and weapons. | 11 | |
| 274498451 | Isrealites | People who set up twelve small tribes in one nation under a monarchy. Located in Palestine. | 12 | |
| 274498452 | Epic of Gilgamesh | A book written that testifies to the awesome deeds of the king of Uruk. Displays Mesopotamian mythology and culture | 13 | |
| 274498453 | Assyrians | People who developed a large and powerful army that conquered Mesopotamia after the Hittites. They used terror and military to control their empire. | 14 | |
| 274498454 | bronze metallurgy | Metallurgy that mixes copper and tin. It was expensive to make, but sturdy. | 15 | |
| 274498455 | Hanging Gardens | Testament to Babylonian wealth | 16 | |
| 274498456 | Hanging Gardens | Elaborate gardens in Babylon. Built by Nebuchadnezzar to please his wife. Considered on of the Seven Wonders of the World. | 17 | |
| 274498457 | Hammurabi | The king of Babylon who conquered all of Mesopotamia. He created the first set of laws | 18 | |
| 274498458 | Cuneiform | First writing system developed. Used by all the Mesopotamian empires | 19 | |
| 274498459 | clay | The material people wrote on in early Mesopotamia | 20 | |
| 274498460 | Hammurabi's Code | First set of organized laws. They had harsh punishments that led to a stable empire with administration. | 21 | |
| 274498461 | Hittites | Indo-Europeans who inhabited Anatolia. They conquered all of Anatolia and overthrew the Babylonian empire. They discovered and used bronze and iron metallurgy to expand. | 22 | |
| 274498462 | Hammurabi | Emperor who first had set taxes and first to use administrators enforce his rule | 23 | |
| 274498463 | Assyrians | First people to establish a library. | 24 | |
| 274498464 | Hebrews | People who inhabited Mesopotamia and assimilated into society. They were led by Abraham and established a kingdom in Palestine | 25 | |
| 274498465 | Sargon of Akkad | King of Akkad who used his superior military tactics to conquer Mesopotamia. First known emperor. | 26 | |
| 274498466 | ziggurats | Large, stepped pyramids that housed temples to praise Mesopotamian gods | 27 | |
| 274498467 | city-states | Cities that had their own form of government. They first originated in Mesopotamia. | 28 | |
| 274498468 | Semitic | People who spoke tongues of a certain family. Hebrews, Isrealites, and Jews are these people. | 29 | |
| 274498469 | Sumer | Lower half of Mesopotamia. It consisted of city-states that attracted many people. | 30 | |
| 274498470 | Sumer | Land that developed the idea of a monarchy. Many empires originated from this land | 31 |
