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| 10895723187 | Code of Hammurabi: | a written code of rules that guided the ancient society of Babylon; dates back to 1772 B.C. |  | 0 |
| 10895723188 | Cradle of civilization: | Commonly used term for southern Mesopotamia (in present-day Iraq). |  | 1 |
| 10895723189 | Epic of Gilgamesh: | An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing. |  | 2 |
| 10895723190 | Harappa: | Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials. |  | 3 |
| 10895723191 | Hatshepsut: | First female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade |  | 4 |
| 10895723192 | Hebrews: | A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history |  | 5 |
| 10895723193 | Hieroglyphs | pictures, characters, or symbols standing for words, ideas, or sounds; ancient Egyptians used instead of an alphabet like ours |  | 6 |
| 10895723194 | Hittites: | An ancient Anatolian group whose empire at largest extent consisted of most of the Middle East. Some of the first two-wheeled chariots and iron. |  | 7 |
| 10895723195 | Hyksos: | a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C. |  | 8 |
| 10895723196 | Indus Valley: | also known as Harappan civilization,located in India along the Indus River,near the Thar Desert and the Himalayas Mountains |  | 9 |
| 10895723197 | Mandate of Heaven: | the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods |  | 10 |
| 10895723198 | Mesopotamia: | "land between the rivers" |  | 11 |
| 10895723199 | Minoan civilization: | An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E. |  | 12 |
| 10895723200 | Mohenjo Daro: | Largest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning. |  | 13 |
| 10895723201 | Norte Chico/Caral: | Nort Chico is a region along the central coast of Peru, home of a civilization that developed in the period 3000-1800 BCE; Caral was the largest of some 25 urban centers that emerged in the area at that time |  | 14 |
| 10895723202 | Nubia | A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major iron working industry by 500 BCE |  | 15 |
| 10895723203 | Olmec civilization | An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 B.C.E. |  | 16 |
| 10895723204 | oracle bones | animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future |  | 17 |
| 10895723205 | patriarchy | A form of social organization in which males dominate females |  | 18 |
| 10895723206 | pharaoh: | A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader. |  | 19 |
| 10895723207 | Phoenicians: | A maritime people who spread their alphabet to others including the Hebrews, Romans, and Greeks. |  | 20 |
| 10895723208 | pyramid: | Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs built during the Old Kingdom |  | 21 |
| 10895723209 | Quipu | An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information. |  | 22 |
| 10895723210 | salinization: | Accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth. |  | 23 |
| 10895723211 | Sanxingdui: | An ancient city of China that developed independently from the Shang dynasty. |  | 24 |
| 10895723212 | Shang dynasty: | (1766-1122 BCE) The Chinese dynasty that rose to power due to bronze metalurgy, war chariots, and a vast network of walled towns whose recognized this dynasty as the superior. |  | 25 |
| 10895723213 | Son of Heaven: | Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou dynasty. It acknowledges the ruler's position as intermediary between heaven and earth. |  | 26 |
| 10895723214 | Teotihuacán: | Translates to mean "Place of the gods." The first major city in Mesoamerica. |  | 27 |
| 10895723215 | Uruk: | A Large Sumerian city-state in Mesopotamia. |  | 28 |
| 10895723216 | Xia dynasty: | First Chinese dynasty |  | 29 |
| 10895723217 | Zhou dynasty: | the longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced. |  | 30 |
| 10895723218 | ziggurat: | massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but its function is unknown. |  | 31 |
| 10895723219 | Cuneiform | the world's first system of writing; developed in Sumer |  | 32 |
