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| 10799641946 | Code of Hammurabi: | a written code of rules that guided the ancient society of Babylon; dates back to 1772 B.C. |  | 0 |
| 10799641947 | Cradle of civilization: | Commonly used term for southern Mesopotamia (in present-day Iraq). |  | 1 |
| 10799641948 | Epic of Gilgamesh: | An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing. |  | 2 |
| 10799641949 | Harappa: | large ancient city of the Indus civilization, located in present-day Pakistan |  | 3 |
| 10799641950 | Hatshepsut: | First female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade |  | 4 |
| 10799641951 | Hebrews: | A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history |  | 5 |
| 10799641952 | Hieroglyphs | a stylized picture of an object representing a word, syllable, or sound, as found in ancient Egyptian and other writing systems. |  | 6 |
| 10799641953 | Hittites: | A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, they vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria. |  | 7 |
| 10799641954 | Hyksos: | a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C. |  | 8 |
| 10799641955 | Indus Valley: | A civilization extending from what today is now Pakistan to northwest India and northeast Afghanistan. It flourished in the basins of the Indus River. At its peak it had a population of over five million. The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings. |  | 9 |
| 10799641956 | Mandate of Heaven: | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source |  | 10 |
| 10799641957 | Mesopotamia: | A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires. |  | 11 |
| 10799641958 | Minoan civilization: | An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E. |  | 12 |
| 10799641959 | Mohenjo Daro: | Largest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning. |  | 13 |
| 10799641960 | Norte Chico/Caral: | A region along the central coast of Peru, home of a civilization that developed in the period of 3000"1800 BCE. Caral was the largest of some 25 urban centers that emerged in the area at the time. |  | 14 |
| 10799641961 | Nubia | an ancient region in the Nile River Valley, on the site of present-day southern Egypt and northern Sudan |  | 15 |
| 10799641962 | Olmec civilization | earliest known American civilization, located in southern Mexico and known for its pyramids and huge stone heads |  | 16 |
| 10799641963 | oracle bones | The earliest known Chinese writing is found on these from ritual activity of the Shang period. |  | 17 |
| 10799641964 | patriarchy | a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line. |  | 18 |
| 10799641965 | pharaoh: | A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader. |  | 19 |
| 10799641966 | Phoenicians: | located on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform |  | 20 |
| 10799641967 | pyramid: | A solid shape with a polygon as a base and triangular faces that come to a point (vertex or apex) |  | 21 |
| 10799641968 | Quipu | an ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways. |  | 22 |
| 10799641969 | salinization: | Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates, water evaporates quickly off the ground surface, leaving salty residues that render the soil infertile. |  | 23 |
| 10799641970 | Sanxingdui: | A large city in China which was filled with bronze resources. This civilization arose separately but at the same time as the Shang dynasty. |  | 24 |
| 10799641971 | Shang dynasty: | Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting. |  | 25 |
| 10799641972 | Son of Heaven: | Title of the ruler of China, first known as the Zhou dynasty; it acknowledges the ruler's position as intermediary between heaven and earth |  | 26 |
| 10799641973 | Teotihuacán: | Translates to mean "Place of the gods." The first major city in Mesoamerica. Falls in 800 AD. |  | 27 |
| 10799641974 | Uruk: | an ancient Sumerian city in Southern Iraq, near the Euphrates, important before 2000 b.c. : exclusive archaeological excavations, notably of a ziggurat and of tablets with very early Sumerian script. |  | 28 |
| 10799641975 | Xia dynasty: | A legendary series of monarchs of early China, traditionally dated to 2200-1766 BCE |  | 29 |
| 10799641976 | Zhou dynasty: | (1050BC-400BC) Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Established a new political order with king at the highest level, then lords and warriors and then peasants. |  | 30 |
| 10799641977 | ziggurat: | massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but its function is unknown. |  | 31 |
| 10799641978 | Cuneiform | A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. |  | 32 |
