Terms : Hide Images
| 298267509 | Lateen | the material used to make the triangular sails of dhows. | 0 | |
| 298267510 | Al-Mahdi | (ruled 775-785); the third Abbasid caliph; he tried to solve the problem of Shi'a opposition, but failed. Around this time the Abbasid Empire began its decline. o He failed to pick a successor. His eldest son, who was picked to succeed him, was poisoned, and died a year after al-Mahdi's death. | 1 | |
| 298267511 | Harun al-Rashid | (ruled 786-809); ascended the throne after the murder of al-Mahdi's eldest son. | 2 | |
| 298267512 | Buyids | invaded the heartlands of the Abbasid Empire and reduced the caliphs to mere pawns. o These leaders took the title "Sultan." o Their rule supplanted in loss by another group of nomadic invaders from central Asia, via Persia. | 3 | |
| 298267513 | Seljuk Turks | took over after Buyids for the next two centuries. They were staunch Sunnis. | 4 | |
| 298267514 | Crusades | missions by Christian knights to reclaim the "Holy Lands." The hold that the knights had on eastern Mediterranean region lasted for 2 centuries. | 5 | |
| 298267515 | Shah-Nama | "Book of Kings;" lengthy epic poem; was the single most important work of Persian literature. It tells the story of Persia, from the beginning of time to the Islamic conquest. | 6 | |
| 298267516 | Ulama | an orthodox religious scholar; he grew hostile to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking. | 7 | |
| 298267517 | Al-Ghazali | great Islamic theologian who struggled to fuse the Greek and Qur'an traditions. | 8 | |
| 298267518 | Sufis | wandering mystics who sought a personal union with Allah. Some were known to have healing powers, or be "miracle workers." Others lead military bands that tried to spread Islam to non-believers. | 9 | |
| 298267519 | Mongols | by the early 13th century these people had united under their leader, Chinggis Khan. They conducted their first raid by the 1220s and completely smashed the Turko-Persian kingdom in regions east of Badhdad. | 10 | |
| 298267520 | Chinggis Khan | lead the united Mongols to conquer Abbasid domains; he died before the heartlands of the Muslim world were under the Mongol control. | 11 | |
| 298267521 | Hulego | the grandson of Changgis Khan, who renewed Mongol assault of rich Muslim centers by the 1250s. | 12 | |
| 298267522 | Mamluks | defeated the Mongols before they moved any deeper westward. They were Turkish salves, who then ruled over Egypt. | 13 | |
| 298267523 | Muhammad ibn Qasim | he was only 17 years old when he led more than 10,000 horse and camel-mounted warriors into the kingdom of Sind, to avenge their assault on Arab shipping. | 14 | |
| 298267524 | Mahmud of Ghazni | third ruler of this dynasty; he led series of expeditions and started almost 2 centuries of Muslim raiding and conquest in Northern India, during the 11th centrury. | 15 | |
| 298267525 | Muhammad of Ghur | the military commander of Persian extraction. He brought together an army that eventually took over north central India. | 16 | |
| 298267526 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak | seized power over the territory after Muhammad of Ghur's death in 1206. He was one of Muhammad of Ghur's slave lieutenants. | 17 | |
| 298267527 | Bhaktic cults | these cults were made up of groups of people who placed extreme emphasis on the Hindu gods and goddesses. Membership to these cults was open to everyone, including women and slaves. | 18 | |
| 298267528 | Mira Bai | a celebrated writer of religious poetry and songs of "worship." | 19 | |
| 298267529 | Kabir | a mystic who was also a Muslim weaver. He played down the religious differences between Hinduism and Islam. | 20 | |
| 298267530 | Shrivijava | was a trading empire that collapsed in the 13th century. It had been centered on the strait of Malacca, between Malaya and the northeast of Sumatra. | 21 | |
| 298267531 | Malacca | trading city that was key to spread of conversion. | 22 | |
| 298267532 | Demak | trading center on north coast of java. From here Muslim faith spread to Javenese ports. | 23 |
