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| 247109087 | Taika reforms | In the Taika period, attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. | 0 | |
| 247109088 | Tale of Genji, The | Written by Lady Murasaki in the early 11th century; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent son of the Japanese emperor. | 1 | |
| 247109089 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. | 2 | |
| 247109090 | Bushi | Developed between 9th and 12th centuries. Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms; administered the law; supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. | 3 | |
| 247109091 | Samurai | Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders; loyal to local cords; not the emperor. | 4 | |
| 247109092 | Sepukku | Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor. | 5 | |
| 247109093 | Taira | Powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars. | 6 | |
| 247109094 | Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan. | 7 | |
| 247109095 | Gempei Wars | Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira. | 8 | |
| 247109096 | Shoguns | Military leaders of the bakufu (military governments in Japan). | 9 | |
| 247109097 | Hojo | Warrior family closely allied with Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers who claimed to rule in name of Japanese emperor at Kyoto. | 10 | |
| 247109098 | Daimyos | Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states. | 11 | |
| 247109099 | Choson | Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 247109100 | Koguryo | Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 BCE; adopted cultural Sinification. | 13 | |
| 247109101 | Silla | Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668. | 14 | |
| 247109102 | Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam. | 15 | |
| 247109103 | Yi | Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence. | 16 | |
| 247109104 | Khmers | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south. | 17 | |
| 247109105 | Chams | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south. | 18 | |
| 247109106 | Nguyen | Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue. | 19 | |
| 247109107 | Trinh | Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south. | 20 | |
| 247109108 | Kuriltai | Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected. | 21 | |
| 247109109 | Khagan | Title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. | 22 | |
| 247109110 | Tumens | Basic fighting unit of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was divided into units of 1,000,100, and 10. | 23 | |
| 247109111 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan, 1162 to 1227. | 24 | |
| 247109112 | Golden Horde | One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson; territory covered much of modern south central russia. | 25 | |
| 247109113 | Khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 26 | |
| 247109114 | Battle of Kulikova | Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia. | 27 | |
| 247109115 | Dadu | present-day Beijing; so-called when Kubilai Khan ruled China. | 28 | |
| 247109116 | Romance of the West Chamber | Chinese novel written during the Yuan Period; indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during Mongol rule. | 29 | |
| 247109117 | White Lotus Society | Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule. | 30 | |
| 247109118 | Ming dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 31 | |
| 247109119 | Renaissance | Cultural and political movement in western Europe;began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages. | 32 | |
| 247109120 | Castile | Along with Aragon, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. | 33 | |
| 247109121 | Aragon | Along with Castile, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. | 34 |
