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| 63961868 | latin west | Historians' name for the territories of Europe that adhered to the Latin rite of Christianity and used the Latin language for intellectual exchange in the period ca. 1000-1500. (p. 394) | 0 | |
| 63961869 | three field system | a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted. | 1 | |
| 63961870 | Black Death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe | 2 | |
| 63961871 | water wheel | a wheel that rotates by direct action of water | 3 | |
| 63961872 | Hanseatic League | a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas | 4 | |
| 63961873 | Guild | a formal association of people with similar interests | 5 | |
| 63961874 | gothic cathedral | Large churches originating in twelfth-century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows. | 6 | |
| 63961875 | Renaissance | orthodoxy of a scholastic variety | 7 | |
| 63961876 | scholasticism | orthodoxy of a scholastic variety | 8 | |
| 63961877 | humanism | the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason | 9 | |
| 63961878 | printing press | invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects | 10 | |
| 63961879 | great western schism | A division in the Latin (Western) Christian Church between 1378 and 1417, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon. (p. 411) | 11 | |
| 63961880 | hundred years war | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413) | 12 | |
| 63961881 | new monarchies | Historians' term for the monarchies in France, England, and Spain from 1450 to 1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits. (p. 414) | 13 | |
| 63961882 | reconquest | a 500 year struggle to regain Spain from the muslims | 14 |
