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| 38513988 | Ibn-Rushd (Averroës) | Iberian Muslim philosopher; studied Greek rationalism; ignored among Muslims but influential in Europe | 0 | |
| 38513989 | Ming Dynasty | Replaced Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China; restored civil service exam | 1 | |
| 38513990 | Zhenghe | : Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean. | 2 | |
| 38513991 | Renaissance | Cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; based on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages | 3 | |
| 38513992 | Black Death | 14th-century bubonic plague; decimated populations in Asia and Europe | 4 | |
| 38513993 | Portugal, Castile, and Aragon | Regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. | 5 | |
| 38513994 | Francesco Petrarch | Italian author and humanist; a major literary figure of the Renaissance. | 6 | |
| 38513995 | Vivaldi brothers | Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the "Indies"; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic | 7 | |
| 38513996 | Vasco da Gama | : Portuguese explorer; first European to reach India by sea around Africa | 8 | |
| 38513997 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in late postclassical Europe | 9 | |
| 38513998 | Ethnocentrism | Judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history. | 10 | |
| 38513999 | Maoris | polynesian people in present day New Zealand | 11 |
