The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korean, and Vietnam.
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| 299077591 | Taika Reforms | far-reaching reforms, introduced in 646 by the emperor and his advisors. Its purpose was to revamp the imperial administration along Chinese lines. | 0 | |
| 299077592 | The Tale of Genji | The most celebrated novel of this era, and the first novel in any language. It was written by Lady Murasaki. | 1 | |
| 299077593 | Fujiwara | one of the aristocratic families who, in the mid-9th century, ran the shrinking Japanese bureaucracy and exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs. By the 10th century on Fujiwara father had married four of his daughters off to emperors. | 2 | |
| 299077594 | Bushi | warrior leaders who administered law and supervised public works projects, and collected revenue (which they usually kept for themselves). | 3 | |
| 299077595 | Samurai | Bushi armies soon became the most effective military forces in the land. They were mounted troops who were loyal to the local lords, not to the court or high aristocratic officials. The soon became used to protect the emperor and his retainers, and to keep the peace in the capital. | 4 | |
| 299077596 | Seppuku | "disembowelment;" this was a ritual suicide that was practiced by warriors who would rather kill themselves, then shame their family by losing a battle and retreating/surrendering. | 5 | |
| 299077597 | Taira and Minamoto | by the mid-12th century these two powerful families were in a head-on competition for power. | 6 | |
| 299077598 | Gempei Wars | raged in the heartland of the main island of Honshu and ravaged the farmlands of peasants. | 7 | |
| 299077599 | Bakufu | "tent;" the military government established by the Minamoto. This was centered in the Kamakura on the Kanto plain, far to the east of the old court center at Heian. The emperor and his court remained, but all real power belonged to the Minamoto and their samurai retainers. This began the feudal age in Japan. | 8 | |
| 299077600 | Shoguns | military leaders of the bakufu. | 9 | |
| 299077601 | Hojo | one of the warrior families that had long been closely allied to the Minamoto soon dominated the Kamakura regime. They were content to leave the Minamotos the nominal leaders. | 10 | |
| 299077602 | Ashikaga Takuaji | one of the heads of a branch of the Minatomo family that led a revolt of the bushi that overthrew the Kamakura regime. | 11 | |
| 299077603 | Ashikaga Shogunate | (1336-1573); the government that Ashikaga Takuaji set up in the place of the previous government. | 12 | |
| 299077604 | Choson | the earliest Korean kingdom, which arrived in 109 BCE. It was conquered by the Han under emperor Wudi. | 13 | |
| 299077605 | Koguryo | tribal peoples living to the north who began to rebel against Chinese rule. | 14 | |
| 299077606 | Silla and Paekche | two rivals from southern Korea who fought for power. | 15 | |
| 299077607 | Sinification | the extensive adoption of Chinese culture. This happened in Korea after the fall of the Koguryo kingdom and Han. | 16 | |
| 299077608 | Yi | this dynasty was established in 1392. After years of peasant revolt and Mongol invasion weakening prior governments, the peasantry finally lifted one of their own to the throne. They ruled Korea until 1910. | 17 | |
| 299077609 | Daimyos | the word for warlord rulers that began to be used in the place of "bushi." | 18 | |
| 299077610 | Khmers | the people who are now called Cambodians. Many Vietnamese intermarried with these people, suggesting that they had cultures of their own, before Chinese invasion during the Han era. | 19 | |
| 299077611 | Trung Sisters | these were the children of a deposed local leader, who led the most famous of the uprisings against Chinese rule, in 39 CE. | 20 | |
| 299077612 | Chams | the main adversaries (along with the Khmers) of the Vietnamese. They were an Indianized people living in the lowland areas along the coast. | 21 | |
| 299077613 | Nguyen | rival of the Vietnamese armies that emerged to challenge the claims of legitimacy of the Trinh family. | 22 | |
| 299077614 | Trinh | family that ruled the north. Their territories were centered on the narrow plains that connected the two great rice bowls of present-day Vietnam, along the Red and Mekong rivers. | 23 |
