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| 64418520 | Ottoman Empire | The most long-lived of the post-Mongol Muslim empires, the Ottomon Empire grew from a tiny nucleus in 1300 to encompass most of southeastern Europe by the last 1400s. The largest Muslim empire since the original Islamic caliphate in the 7th century. Resembled new centralized monarch of France and Spain. Endured more than 5 centuries until 1922. | 0 | |
| 64418521 | Suleiman the Magnificent | 1520-1566 Known as "the law giver" commanded the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe. Historians consider his reign as a golden age when the imperial system worked to perfection. | 1 | |
| 64418522 | Jannissary | Christian prisoners of war captured by Ottoman empire. Converted to Islam. Fought on foot and learned to use guns. Lived in barracks, trained year-round, barred from holding jobs and marrying. | 2 | |
| 64418523 | Devshirme | Means "selection., 'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries. | 3 | |
| 64418524 | Tulip Period | (1718-1730) Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. One tulip bulb = same value/cost of 22 oxen. | 4 | |
| 64418525 | Safavid Empire | Ruling Persia from 1501-1722, Safavids practiced Shi'ism which set Iran apart from its neighbors and marked one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. | 5 | |
| 64418526 | Shi'ite Islam | Muslims of the Islam branch that believed God's leadership line was a descendant of Muhammad's son in law, Ali. Ismail, the Shah of Iran, declared his people to practice this religion in 1502. | 6 | |
| 64418527 | Hidden Imam | Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. (p. 532) | 7 | |
| 64418528 | Shah Abbas I | Shah of Iran (1588-1629) Expanded the Safavid empire. Built strong army. Worked with Europeans who also disliked the Ottomans. Pushed Portuguese out. | 8 | |
| 64418529 | Mughal Empire | a Muslim dynasty founded by Baber that ruled India until 1857 | 9 | |
| 64418530 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. Compared to Suleiman the Magnificent and Shah Abbas. Akbar strived for social harmony vs. acquiring more territory. He made himself the center of a new divine faith incorporating Muslim, Hindu, Zoroastrian, Sikh and Christian beliefs. | 10 | |
| 64418531 | mansabs | Mansab is a military rank (like general, sargeant, etc.). Mansab could be a high or a low rank, but it meant that the person was entitled to revenues derived from land assigned to them. Land revenues were granted by Akbar to military officers and government officials = these officials rank were "mansabs." These grants were given on conditions that the grantees would provide Akbar with some service. The governemnt kept careful track of these land grants. | 11 | |
| 64418532 | Rajputs | Muslim soldiers who were Hindus by birth from northwest India. Akbar I married a Rajput princess. Rajputs were also mansabdars. | 12 | |
| 64418533 | Sikhism | a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by the guru Nanak. Sikhism rejects caste distinctions, idolatry, and asceticism and is characterized by belief in a cycle of reincarnation from which humans can free themselves by living righteous lives as active members of society | 13 | |
| 64418534 | Acheh Sultanate | Saw Islam as a force to counter the aggressive Christianity of Europeans; series of women ruled between 1641 and 1699; this ended when scholars obtained a ruling from Mecca that Islam did not support female rulers; At its peak in the 17th century Acheh succeeded Malacca as the main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia. Acheh declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. | 14 | |
| 64418535 | Oman | Arab state caused end to Portuguese rule. Oman took Musqat, a main port in Arabian peninsula and succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century. | 15 | |
| 64418536 | Swahili | A culture and a language that developed via the mix of Arabic, Persia, and Portuguese. | 16 | |
| 64418537 | Batavia | Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in INdonesia; today the city of Jakarta. | 17 |
