Ap world History Chapter 21 terms
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| 47614839 | Ottomans | Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world | 0 | |
| 47614840 | Safavid dynasty | Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722. | 1 | |
| 47614841 | Mughal Empire | Established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after the rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century. | 2 | |
| 47614842 | Mehmed II | Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire | 3 | |
| 47614843 | Janissaries | Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered area of Balkans, legaly slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century | 4 | |
| 47614844 | Vizier | Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir, the chief administrative official. They were the head of the Ottoman bureaucracy. After the fifteenth century they were often more powerful than the sultan. | 5 | |
| 47614845 | Sail al- Din | Early 14th century Sufi mystic; began campaign to purify Islam; first member of Safavid dynasty | 6 | |
| 47614846 | Red Heads | name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear | 7 | |
| 47614847 | Isma'il | Sufi conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah or emperor | 8 | |
| 47614848 | Chaldiran | Site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Safavids severely defeated by Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire. | 9 | |
| 47614849 | Abbas the Great | Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology. | 10 | |
| 47614850 | Imams | According to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the succesors of Ali. | 11 | |
| 47614851 | Mullahs | Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism | 12 | |
| 47614852 | Isfahans | Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city laid out according to shah's plan; example of Safavid architecture. | 13 | |
| 47614853 | Nadir Khan Afshar | Soldier-adventurer following the fall of the Safavid dynasty in 1722; proclaimed himself shah in 1736; established short-lived dynasty in reduced kingdom | 14 | |
| 47614854 | Babur | Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530. | 15 | |
| 47614855 | Humayan | Son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but restore Mughal rule in 1556; died shortly thereafter. | 16 | |
| 47614856 | Akbar | Son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India. | 17 | |
| 47614857 | Din- i- Ilahi | Religioun initiated by Akbar in MughalIndia; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but failed | 18 | |
| 47614858 | Aurangzeb | Son and successor of Shah Jahan in Mughal India; determined to extend Mughal control over whole of subcontinent; wished to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare exhausted empire despite military successes; died in 1707 | 19 | |
| 47614859 | Taj Mahal | Most famous architectural acheivement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal | 20 | |
| 47614860 | Nur Jahan | Wife of Jahangir; amassed power in court and created faction of male relatives who dominated Mughal Empire during later years of Jahangir's reign | 21 | |
| 47614861 | Mumtaz Mahal | Wife of Shah Jahan; took an active political role in Mughal court; entombed in Taj Mahal | 22 | |
| 47614862 | Marattas | Western Indian peoples who rebelled against Mughal control early in the 18th century | 23 |
