Ap world history chapter 2 terms
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| 54818973 | Selim III | Sultan who ruled Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807; aimed at improving administrative efficiency and building a new army and navy; toppled by Janissaries in 1807 | 0 | |
| 54818974 | Mahmud II | Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents | 1 | |
| 54818975 | Tanzimat reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876 | 2 | |
| 54818976 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908 | 3 | |
| 54818977 | Ottoman Society for Union and Progress | Organization of political agitators in opposition to rule of Abdul Harmid; also called Young Turks; desired to restore in 1876 the constitution | 4 | |
| 54818978 | Murad | (1790- 1820) Head of the coalition of Mamluk rulers in Egypt; opposed Napoleonic invasion of Egypt and suffered devastating defeat; failure destroyed Mamluk government in Egyptand revealed vulnerability of Muslim core | 5 | |
| 54818979 | Muhammad Ali | Albanian soldier in the service of Turkey who was made viceroy of Egypt and took control away from the Ottoman Empire and established Egypt as a modern state (1769-1849) | 6 | |
| 54818980 | Khedives | Descendents of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers of Egypt despite French and English intervention until overthrown by military coup in 1952 | 7 | |
| 54818981 | Suez Canal | Built accross Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investments | 8 | |
| 54818982 | Al- Afghani | Muslim thinker at the end of the19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology; recognized importance of tradition of rational inquiry | 9 | |
| 54818983 | Muhammad Abduh | Disciple of Al Afghani; Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology, recognized importance of tradition of rational inquiry | 10 | |
| 54818984 | Ahmad Orabi | Student of Muhammad Abduh; led revolt in 1882 against Turkish influence in Egyptian army; forced Khedive to call on British army for support | 11 | |
| 54829763 | Khartoum | River town that was administrative center of Egyptian aythority in Sudan | 12 | |
| 54829764 | Muhammad Achmad | Also know as mahdi; head of a sudanic sufi brotherhood; claimed descendent from prophet muhammad; proclaimed both egyptians and british as infidels; launched revolt to purge islam of impurities; took khartoum in 1883 | 13 | |
| 54829765 | Mahdi | In Sufi belief system, a promise deliverer; also a name given to Muhammad Achmad, leader of late 19th century revolt against Egyptians and British in the Sudan | 14 | |
| 54829766 | Khalifa Abdallahi | Successor of Muhammad Achmad as leader of Mahdists in Sudan; established state in Sudan; defated by British General Kitchener in 1598 | 15 | |
| 54829767 | Nurhaci | Architect of Manchu unity; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Manchuria; adopted Chinese bureaucracy and court ceremonies in Manchuria, entered China and successfully captured Ming capital at Beijing | 16 | |
| 54829768 | Banner Armies | Eight armies of the Manchu tribes identified by separate flags; created by Nurhaci in the early 17th century; utilized to defeat Ming emporer and established Qing dynasty | 17 | |
| 54829769 | Qing | Machu dynasty that seized control of China in mid- 17th century after decline of Ming; forced submission of nomadic peoples far to the west and compelled tribute from Veitnam and Burma to the south | 18 | |
| 54829770 | Kangxi | Confucian scholar and Manch emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1722; established high degree of Sinification among the Manchus | 19 | |
| 54829771 | Compradors | Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants under the Qing dynasty; specialized in the import-export trade on Chian's south coast; one of the major links between China and the outside world | 20 | |
| 54829772 | Opium Wars | Fought between the British and Qing China beginning in 1839; fought to protect British trade in Opium; resulted in responding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British port of trade | 21 | |
| 54829773 | Taiping Rebellion | broke out in south china in the 1850s and early 1860s; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-christianized prophet; sought to overthrow qing dynasty and confucian basis of scholare entry | 22 | |
| 54829774 | Hong Xiuquan | Leader of the Taiping rebellion; converted to specifically Chinese form of Christianity; attacked traditional Confucian teachers of Chinese elite | 23 | |
| 54829775 | Self- strengthening Movement | Late 19th century movement in China to counter the challenge from the West; led by provincial leaders | 24 | |
| 54831444 | Boxer Rebellion | Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from china; failed because of intervention of armies of western powers in china; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials | 25 | |
| 54831445 | Sun Yat- sen | Head of Revolutionary Alliance organzation that led 1911 revolt against Qing dynasy in China; briefly elected president in 1911, but yielded in favor of Yuan Shikai in 1912; created Nationalist party of China (Guomingdang) in 1919; died in 1925 | 26 | |
| 54831446 | Puyi | Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while stilla small boy in 1912 | 27 |
