Ap World History chapter 29 terms.
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| 57231862 | Cubist Movement | 20th Century art style; best represented by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso; rendered familiar objects as geometrical shapes | 0 | |
| 57231863 | Benito Mussolini | Italian fascists leader after World War I; created first fascist government (1922-1943) based on aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories | 1 | |
| 57251497 | Fascism | Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corrption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction | 2 | |
| 57251498 | Syndicalism | Economic and political system based on the organization of labor; imported in Latin America from European political movements; militant force in Latin American politics | 3 | |
| 57251499 | Mexican Revolution | Fought over a period of almost 10 years form 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata | 4 | |
| 57251500 | Porfirio Diaz | One of Juarez's generals elected president of Mexico in 1876, dominated Mexican politics for 35 years; imposed strong central government | 5 | |
| 57251501 | Francisco Madero | (1873- 1913) Moderate democratic reformer in Mexico; proposed moderate reforms in 1910; arrested by Profirio Diaz; initiated revoullution against Diaz when released from prison; temporalily gained power, but removed and assasinated in 1913 | 6 | |
| 57251502 | Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary and militery commander in Northern Mexico during the Mexican Revolution; succeded along with Emiliano Zapata in removing Diaz from power in 1911; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta | 7 | |
| 57251503 | Emiliano Zapata | Mexican revolutionary and military commander of peasant guerrilla movement after 1910 centered in Morelos; succeeded along with Pancho Villa in removing Díaz from power; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta; demanded sweeping land reform. | 8 | |
| 57251504 | Victoriano Huerta | Attempted to reestablish centralized dictatorship in Mexico following the removal of Madero in 1913; forced from power in 1914 by Villa and Zapata. | 9 | |
| 57251505 | Alvaro Obregon | Emerged as leader of the Mexican government in 1915; elected president in 1920. | 10 | |
| 57251506 | Mexican Constitution of 1917 | Promised land reform, limited foreign ownership of key resources, guaranteed the rights of workers, and placed restrictions on clerical education; marked formal end of Mexican Revolution. | 11 | |
| 57251507 | Diego Rivera | Mexican artist of the period after the Mexican Revolution; famous for murals painted on walls of public buildings; mixed romantic images of the Indian past with Christian symbols and Marxist ideology. | 12 | |
| 57251508 | Jose Clemente Orozco | Mexican muralist of the period after the Mexican Revolution; like Rivera's, his work featured romantic images of the Indian past with Christian symbols and Marxist ideology. | 13 | |
| 57251509 | Cristeros | Conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; most active in central Mexico; attempted to halt slide toward secularism; movement resulted in armed violence. | 14 | |
| 57251510 | Alexander Kerensky | Liberal revolutionary leader during the early stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917; sought development of parliamentary rule, religious freedom. | 15 | |
| 57251511 | Red Army | Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background. | 16 | |
| 57251512 | New Economic Policy | Initiated by Lenin in 1921; state continued to set basic economic policies, but efforts were now combined with individual initiative; policy allowed food production to recover. | 17 | |
| 57251513 | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved 1991. | 18 | |
| 57259433 | Supreme Soviet | Parliament of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; elected by universal suffrage; actually controlled by Communist party; served to ratify party decisions. | 19 | |
| 57259434 | Joseph Stalin | Successor to Lenin as head of the USSR; strongly nationalist view of Communism; represented anti-Western strain of Russian tradition; crushed opposition to his rule; established series of five-year plans to replace New Economic Policy; fostered agricultural collectivization; led USSR through World War II; furthered cold war with Western Europe and the United States; died in 1953. | 20 | |
| 57259435 | Comintern | International office of communism under USSR dominance established to encourage the formation of Communist parties in Europe and elsewhere. | 21 | |
| 57259436 | Collectivization | Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other Communist regimes. | 22 | |
| 57259437 | Yuan Shikai | Warlord in northern China after fall of Qing dynasty; hoped to seize imperial throne; president of China after 1912; resigned in the face of Japanese invasion in 1916. | 23 | |
| 57259438 | May Fourth movement | Resistance to Japanese encroachments in China began on this date in 1919; spawned movement of intellectuals aimed at transforming China into a liberal democracy; rejected Confucianism. | 24 | |
| 57259439 | Li Dazhao | Chinese intellectual who gave serious attention to Marxist philosophy; headed study circle at the University of Beijing; saw peasants as vanguard of revolutionary communism in China. | 25 | |
| 57259440 | Mao Zedong | Communist leader in revolutionary China; advocated rural reform and role of peasantry in Nationalist revolution; influenced by Li Dazhao; led Communist reaction against Guomindang purges in 1920s, culminating in Long March of 1934; seized control of all of mainland China by 1949; initiated Great Leap Forward in 1958. | 26 | |
| 57259441 | Guomindang | Chinese Nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919; drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminal underworld; initially forged alliance with Communists in 1924; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925. | 27 | |
| 57259442 | Whampao Military Academy | Founded in 1924; military wing of the Guomindang; first head of the academy was Chiang Kai-shek. | 28 | |
| 57259443 | Chiang Kai- shek | A military officer who succeeded Sun Yat-sen as the leader of the Koumintang (Guomindung) or Nationalist Party in China in the mid-1920s; became the most powerful leader in China in the early 1930s, but his Nationalist forces were defeated and driven from China by the Com-munists after World War II. | 29 | |
| 57259444 | Long March | Communist escape from Hunan province during civil war with Guomindang in 1934; center of Communist power moved to Shaanxi province; firmly established Mao Zedong as head of the Communist party in China. | 30 | |
| 57259445 | Great Depression | International economic crisis following the First World War; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s; included collapse of banking houses in the United States and Western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optimistic assumptions of 19th century. | 31 | |
| 57259446 | Popular Front | Combination of Socialist and Communist political parties in France; won election in 1936; unable to take strong measures of social reform because of continuing strength of conservatives; fell from power in 1938. | 32 | |
| 57259447 | New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in United States social and economic life. | 33 | |
| 57259448 | Totalitarian State | A new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. | 34 | |
| 57259449 | Gestapo | Secret police in Nazi Germany, known for brutal tactics. | 35 | |
| 57259450 | Spanish Civil War | War pitting authoritarian and military leaders in Spain against republicans and leftists between 1936 and 1939; Germany and Italy supported the royalists; the Soviet Union supported the republicans; led to victory of the royalist forces. | 36 | |
| 57259451 | Corporatism | Political ideology that emphasized the organic nature of society and made the state a mediator, adjusting the interests of different social groups; appealed to conservative groups in European and Latin American societies and to the military. | 37 | |
| 57259452 | Lazaro Cardenas | President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940; responsible for redistribution of land, primarily to create ejidos, or communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education. | 38 | |
| 57259453 | Getulio Vargas | Elected president of Brazil in 1929; launched centralized political program by imposing federal administrators over state governments; held off coups by communists in 1935 and fascists in 1937; imposed a new constitution based on Mussolini's Italy; leaned to communists after 1949; committed suicide in 1954. | 39 | |
| 57260708 | Juan Peron | Military leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after military coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became president in 1946; forced into exile in 1955; returned and won presidency in 1973. | 40 | |
| 57260709 | Five- year plans | Stalin's plans to hasten industrialization of USSR; constructed massive factories in metallurgy, mining and electric power; led to massive state-planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products. | 41 | |
| 57260710 | Socialist Realism | Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of Western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism. | 42 | |
| 57260711 | Politburo | Executive committee of the Soviet Communist party; 20 members. | 43 |
