Terms : Hide Images
| 208030618 | Arjuna and Krishna | warrior and chariot driver pair; driver is secretly a god; advises the warrior that "there is more joy in doing one's own duty badly than in doing another man's duty well" | 0 | |
| 208030619 | Ganges and Indus rivers | India's two major rivers; one is its "holy river" | 1 | |
| 208030620 | Harappans | civilization in India from around 2000-3000 BCE | 2 | |
| 208030621 | Mohenjo-Daro | One of the Harappan's two major cities; means "city of the dead" | 3 | |
| 208030622 | Harappan seals | seals depicting human figures and animals that were probably used to identify good of sale | 4 | |
| 208030623 | Deccan Plateau | region of hills and an upland plateau that extends from the Ganges valley to the southern tip of Indian subcontinent | 5 | |
| 208030624 | Dravidians | people descended from the Indus River culture that flourished at the dawn of Indian civilization | 6 | |
| 208030625 | Aryans | people descended from the pastoral people who flooded southward from Central Asia in the second millennium BCE | 7 | |
| 208030626 | raja and maharaja | chieftain; "prince" and "great prince" | 8 | |
| 208030627 | Rigveda | ancient work written down after the Aryans arrived in India | 9 | |
| 208030628 | Alexander the Great | conquered Persia; briefly invaded India; left Greek administrators and cultural influence | 10 | |
| 208030629 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of the first dynasty to control much of the region | 11 | |
| 208030630 | Arthasastra | political treatise that asserts that whenever dharma and practical politics collide, the latter should take precedence | 12 | |
| 208030631 | varna/caste | "color;" Indian classes | 13 | |
| 208030632 | jati | system of extended families that originated in ancient India and still exists today | 14 | |
| 208030633 | brahmins | the priests | 15 | |
| 208030634 | kshatriya | the warriors | 16 | |
| 208030635 | vaisya | the commoners/merchants | 17 | |
| 208030636 | sudras | represents the great bulk of the Indian population | 18 | |
| 208030637 | Law of Manu | a set of behavioral norms allegedly prescribed by India's mythical founding ruler, Manu | 19 | |
| 208030638 | untouchables/pariahs | consists of those outside Indian society - prisoners of war, criminals, ethnic minorities, etc.; handled unpleasant tasks | 20 | |
| 208030639 | the monsoon | seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia that blows from the southwest during the summer months and the northeast in winter | 21 | |
| 208030640 | asceticism | abstinence from worldly pleasures; supposed to enable the practitioner to reach beyond material reality | 22 | |
| 208030641 | sati | ritual that required a woman to throw herself upon her husband's funeral pyre | 23 | |
| 208030642 | Hinduism | the main religion in India, it emphasizes reincarantion based on the results of the previous life and the desirability of escaping this system. Features in various forms both asceticism and the pleasures of ordinary life, and encompass a multitude of gods as different manifestations of one ultimate realitiy | 24 | |
| 208030643 | Vedas | a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through Aryan priests | 25 | |
| 208030644 | Upanishads | a set of commentaries on the Vedas compiled in sixth century BCE | 26 | |
| 208030645 | Kamasutra | textbook on sexual practices and techniques | 27 | |
| 208030646 | Dyaus and Indra | parent god eventually overshadowed by the warrior god, who also declined in importance | 28 | |
| 208030647 | Vishnu and Siva | Preserver and Destroyer; tends to take precedence in the devotional exercises of many Hindus | 29 | |
| 208030648 | Brahman | ultimate reality | 30 | |
| 208030649 | karma | determines one's rebirth in the next life | 31 | |
| 208030650 | dharma | the law | 32 | |
| 208030651 | reincarnation | the idea that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death and progresses through several existences on the wheel of life until it reaches its final destination in a union with Brahman | 33 | |
| 208030652 | Buddhism | the Middle Path | 34 | |
| 208030653 | Siddhartha Gautama | son from a kshatriya family who founded Buddhism | 35 | |
| 208030654 | sermon at deer park at Sarnath/Benares | Siddhartha transmitted his message about the Middle Path here | 36 | |
| 208030655 | Nirvana | a form of release from the wheel of life | 37 | |
| 208030656 | bodhi | wisdom; comes from abandoning worldly cares | 38 | |
| 208030657 | Atman | the individual soul; denied by Siddhartha | 39 | |
| 208030658 | Four Noble Truths | life is suffering; suffering is caused by desire; the way to end suffering is to end desire; the way to end desire is to avoid the extremes of a life of vulgar materialism and a life of self-torture and follow the Middle Path | 40 | |
| 208030659 | Middle Path/Eightfold Way | right knowledge, purpose, speech, conduct, occupation, effort, awareness, meditation | 41 | |
| 208030660 | Mahavira and Jainism | faith founded by this person; emphasized a life of poverty and thus never became popular | 42 | |
| 208030661 | Mauryan Empire | empire in India founded by Maurya; lasted until after Asoka's, Maurya's grandson, death | 43 | |
| 208030662 | Asokan pillars | stone pillars with official edicts and Buddhist inscriptions to instruct people in the proper way | 44 | |
| 208030663 | Sanskrit and Prakrit | language of the Vedas; eventually replaced by another language | 45 | |
| 208030664 | Panini | grammarian | 46 | |
| 208030665 | Mahabharata and Ramayana | first one - tale of moral confrontations and an elucidation of the ethical precepts of dharma (in taking action, one must be indifferent to success or failure and consider only the moral rightness of the act itself); second one - much shorter than the first, account of a semi-legendary ruler named Rama who, as the result of palace intrigue, is banished from the kingdom and forced to live as a hermit in the forest | 47 | |
| 208030666 | stupa and rock chambers | first - originally meant to house a relic of the Buddha, eventually became a place for devotion second - chambers carved from cliff faces to provide a place for religious people and ceremonies | 48 | |
| 208030667 | "rule of the fishes" | glorified warfare as the natural activity of kings and the aristocracy | 49 |
