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| 5150044297 | Early Rome | Italy, Po River/plain of Latium and Campania, East- Adriatic Sea, West- Tyrrhenian Sea, more arable land than Greece (supports larger population), spoke latin, under control of 7 kings (last 3 were Etruscans) | 0 | |
| 5150086383 | Roman Republic | monarchy overthrown in 509 BCE, not easy to transition into this type of gov't, military course let to conquest of entire Italian peninsula, Rome was surrounded by enemies to begin with | 1 | |
| 5150121462 | Livy | historian who wrote about Rome's continuous engagement in warfare with enemies...moral values and virtues in his writings | 2 | |
| 5150152004 | military conquests in Rome | established colonies as they conquered (connected with roads), made allies in Roman Confederation | 3 | |
| 5150161725 | Roman Republic State | chief executives=consuls (2) chosen annually, roman senate (300 men served for life), centuriate assembly (wealthy people/majority), council of plebs/patricians and plebeians | 4 | |
| 5150187258 | 1st punic war | war between roman republic and Carthage, struggle for control over Western Mediterranean....navy-corvus-Rome wins | 5 | |
| 5150197213 | 2nd punic war | war between roman republic and Carthage, struggle for control over Western Mediterranean....Hannibal vs. Scipio (Battle of Zama) | 6 | |
| 5150200043 | 3rd punic war | war between roman republic and Carthage, struggle for control over Western Mediterranean....Carthage-siege, 50,000 survivors sold into slavery | 7 | |
| 5150219437 | decline/fall of roman REPUBLIC | middle of 2nd century BCE Roman domination of Med. Sea complete, creating an empire, weakened internal stability of Rome, jostling for dominance of number of powerful individuals, civil wars generated by their conflicts | 8 | |
| 5150230895 | latifundia | plantations with slave labor...landed aristocrats and senators | 9 | |
| 5150247248 | first triumvirate | 60 BCE- Crassus (richest man in Rome who led successful military command against slave rebellion), Pompey (command in Spain), Caesar (Gaul) | 10 | |
| 5150295425 | Julius Caesar | 47 BCE...named dictator for life (44 BCE), assassinated March 15 44 BCE | 11 | |
| 5150308919 | second triumvirate | Octavian, Marc Antony (left with Cleopatra), Lepidus | 12 | |
| 5150323780 | Octavian/Augustus | 27 BCE- he proclaimed "restoration of the republic"- some power to Senate, he had control of the army, title of imperator (emperor) commander in chief with a very large army, stabilized the frontier of the Empire...died in 14 CE | 13 | |
| 5150355231 | Tiberius | successor of Augustus in empire (his stepson)...established Julio-Claudian dynasty, emperors gained more power (imperial bureaucracy) | 14 | |
| 5150367131 | the 5 good emperors | tolerant absolute monarchs (extended imperial administration)...some were Trajan and Hadrian | 15 | |
| 5150395380 | Trajan | emperor who established alimentary program ($ to assist poor parents), extensive building programs- aqueducts, bridges, roads, harbor facilities...extended rule to Dacia, Mesopotamia, Sinai Peninsula | 16 | |
| 5150397940 | Hadrian | emperor who withdrew from Mesopotamia, built a wall in Britain to keep the Scots out | 17 | |
| 5150438026 | economic prosperity in Roman Empire | long-distance trade, facilitated by roads (internal stability in China and Rome), silk roads, latifundia still dominated agriculture | 18 | |
| 5150449093 | impact of the Greeks | ambassadors/merchants/artists travelled to Rome and spread Greek thought and practices, rich romans hired them as tutors | 19 | |
| 5150467645 | The Aeneid | written by Virgil...Aeneus, hero of Troy, settles in Latium...collected history for Romans | 20 | |
| 5150478004 | Roman Art | intense realism, etruscan arch, vault, dome...concrete, public baths, amphitheatre, roads | 21 | |
| 5150489168 | Roman Law | 12 tables, law of nations combined with stoicism (based on reason), standards of justice that applied to all people, innocent until proven guilty | 22 | |
| 5150510952 | Roman Family | headed by dominant male, females needed male guardians, fathers arranged their daughters' marriages | 23 | |
| 5150527899 | Colosseum | 50,000 spectators, wild beasts against each other, gladiators vs animals and each other | 24 | |
| 5150537882 | Pompeii | volcano that erupted August 24, 79 CE, city buried under ash, preserved artifacts | 25 | |
| 5152893668 | the late roman empire | new government structure with rigid economic and social systems, new state religion was Christianity | 26 | |
| 5152896556 | Diocletian/Constantine | both of these rulers extended imperial control by strengthening and expanding the bureaucracy of the roman empire, enlarged army | 27 | |
| 5152909251 | Byzantium/Constantinople | new capital in the east...established by Constantine | 28 | |
| 5152915568 | causes of the fall of the western roman empire | emphasis on a spiritual kingdom undermined state, traditional roman values declined, lead poisoning/plague, slavery prevented technological advancements | 29 | |
| 5152923980 | roman state religion | worship of the pantheon of greco-roman gods | 30 | |
| 5152929941 | origins of Christianity | Jesus, love God and one another, Jesus posed as a threat to roman authorities, Pilate ordered His crucifixion | 31 | |
| 5152934577 | spread of Christianity | epistles- Paul, Matthew, Mark, Luke John-New Testament, Xians, spread widely | 32 | |
| 5152963866 | Liu Bang | founder of the Han dynasty, imperial title of Han Gaozu...consolidated power, promoted welfare, maintained centralized political institutions of Qin but abandoned legalistic approach | 33 | |
| 5152977065 | Confucianism | integration of this doctrine in the Han empire's state | 34 | |
| 5153009852 | civil service exam | 165 BCE meritocracy...shaped china's intellectual, political, and cultural life | 35 | |
| 5153019972 | han economy | land taxes had to be paid in cash not grain, greater concentration of land, massive pop. increase, unable to produce enough food | 36 | |
| 5153035912 | trade and manufacturing in han china | rulers relied on waterways for transportation, expansion of trade, state directed shipyards/manufactured weapons, some foreign trade | 37 | |
| 5153040966 | paper | important invention in the han dynasty | 38 | |
| 5153050335 | expansion and silk roads | continued process of territorial expansion and consolidation, Han Wudi expanded to north vietnam (caspian sea)...silk roads-overland trade routes throughout central asia | 39 | |
| 5153080057 | han religion and culture | confucianism as official state ideology, no afterlife, polytheistic (spirits of nature), buddhism also spread through silk roads | 40 | |
| 5153086286 | decline and fall of Han empire | official Wang Mang seized power- flight of peasants, tried to consecrate great estates, restore well-field system and abolished slavery | 41 | |
| 5153099099 | rome and china | elaborate roads, agricultural production, large population, family at the center of society, merchants more highly regarded in rome | 42 |
