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| 254781771 | Roman Republic | The ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC. was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar. | 0 | |
| 254781772 | Roman Senate | A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. (148) | 1 | |
| 254781773 | paterfamilias | the head of the family or household in Roman law -always male- and the only member to have full legal rights. This person had absolute power over his family, which extended to life and death. | 2 | |
| 254781774 | patron/client relationship | In ancient Rome, a fundamental social relationship in which the patron—a wealthy and powerful individual—provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients, men of lesser status and means, and in return the clients supported the political careers and economic interests of their patron. | 3 | |
| 254781775 | patron/client relationship | Give and take relationships present in the roman empire. For example, senators will represent the will of the people, and the people will serve the senator in war etc. | 4 | |
| 254781776 | roman citizenship | A specific social status granted by the Roman government that granted privileges regarding governance, property, and respect towards law. They had the right to vote, own property, contracts, and the right to marry Roman citizen. They were freed from property tax, and protected from arbitrary arrest and violence. | 5 | |
| 254781777 | latifundia | huge estates or ranches owned by wealthy families. They replaced the smaller self-sufficient peasant farms. | 6 | |
| 254781778 | Gaius Marius | Because you had to have a certain amount of land to serve in the military, the formation of latifundia's reduced the number of people who qualified. Gaius Marius told the uneligible people that if they served in the military for him, he'd give them farms when they retired from military service. This was illegal. | 7 | |
| 254781779 | Octavian | Julius Caesar's grandnephew, later known as Augustus. By defeating Mark Antony, he gained rule of all roman lands. He was Rome's first true emperor. He restored the republic but didn't have a big head. Didn't make them call him king or emperor. | 8 | |
| 254781780 | Roman Principate | a term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries CE, based on the ambiguous title "princeps" adopted by Augustus to conceal his military dictatorship. Princeps "first among equals" is what Augustus (Octavian) had them call him instead of king or emperor. | 9 | |
| 254781781 | Romanization | The spread of the Latin language and Roman way of life. Primarily contained to the western half of the empire. | 10 | |
| 254781782 | Jesus | A Jewish carpenter from Galilee in northern Israel who didn't like the Jewish political and religious leaders' obsession with money and power. He wanted to change it. He was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans. Hailed as the Messiah and son of God by his followers, he became the central figure in Christianity, a belief system that developed in the centuries after his death. | 11 | |
| 254781783 | Paul | A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, became a Christian. Helped spread Christianity to non-Jews. His letters became much of the New Testament. | 12 | |
| 254781784 | Spread of Christianity | Christianity was able to spread quickly through Rome because of the general peace and good roads that allowed for easy travel. First converts were women, slaves, poor. They hoped that Christianity would give them the respect that they didn't get otherwise. | 13 | |
| 254781785 | Third Century Crisis | Historians' term for the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century C.E.: frequent changes of ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasions, decline of urban centers, and near-destruction of long-distance commerce and the monetary economy almost collapsed the Roman Empire. After 284 C.E. Diocletian restored order by making fundamental changes. | 14 | |
| 254781786 | Municipal Aristocracy | the towns government run by the best individuals or by a small privileged class (royalty, etc.). | 15 | |
| 254781787 | Diocletian | A commoner by birth, successfully rose through the army ranks and saved the roman empire. Roman emperor from 284 to 305; he divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves and tried to halt the staggering inflation of the late empire by dictating what the maximum price of something could be and what wages could be paid and making people stay in their jobs even if they didn't pay much and they also had to train their sons in the same jobs. | 16 | |
| 254781788 | Constantine | Won the battle for the throne of Rome. Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians. Because he converted, many others started to also. He moved the imperial capital from Rome to Byzantium. City remanmed "Constantinople". (r. 306-337) | 17 |
