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Ap World History Ch. 6 Terms Flashcards

Ap world history chapter 6 terms.

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31875317BedouinNomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.0
31875318Shaykhs (sheiks)Leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children1
31875319MuhammadProphet of Islam; born c. 570 to Banu Hashin clan of Quryash tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and there after; died in 6322
31875320KhadijahFirst wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader.3
31875321Qur'anBook composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.4
31875322AliCousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a.5
31875323UmmaCommunity of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity6
31875324ZakatTax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims7
31875325Five PillarsThe obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj8
31875326RamadanIslamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset9
31875327HajiA Muslim's pyramid to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba10
31875328Caliphsuccessor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims11
31875329Abu BakrCompanion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death.12
31875330Ridda WarsWars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam13
31875331JihadsStruggle; often used for wars in defense of the faith; holy wars launched to forcibly spread the Islam faith14
31875332NestoriansA Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions15
31875333UthmanThird caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan16
31875334Battle of SiffinFought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party17
31875335Mu'awiyaLeader of the Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following civil war with Ali18
31875336SunnisPolitical and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads.19
31875337Shi'aAlso known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali20
31875338KarbalaSite of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate21
31875339Damascusthe chosen city by the umayyad Caliphs in Syria to be their capital. they ruled from ad 661 to ad 75022
31875340MawaliNon-Arab converts to Islam23
31875341JizyaHead tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories24
31875342DhimmiLiterally "People of the Book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus25
31875343HadithsTraditions of the prophet Muhammad26
31875344AbbasidDynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E.27
31875345Battle of the River ZabVictory of Abbasidsover Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital28
31875346BaghdadCapital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon29
31875347WazirChief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of empire.30
31875348DhowsArab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design31
31875349AyanThe wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule.32

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