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AP World History Ch. 7 Flashcards

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2866559025What was the name of the third Abbasid caliph?al-Mahdi0
2866597331What did al-Mahdi attempt to do with the Shi'a?He tried to reconcile.1
2866599515Why was al-Mahdi a bad leader?He was more concerned with his wealth and concubines than the problems with the empire.2
2866603706What was al-Mahdi's problem with his succession?He has several sons and let the mother's of them interfere.3
2866611143Why did Harun al-Rashid descend to the thrown?al-Mahdi was murdered and his oldest son was poisoned.4
2866614206How did Harun al-Rashid treat the Christians?He dazzled them with mosques, castles, and treasures.5
2866620538What tale immortalizes life of Harun al-Rashid's castle?1001 Nights or Arabian Nights6
2866658107In the early reign of Harun, who did he heavily depend on?His royal court.7
2866660351What was his royal court made up of?Persians.8
2866669490True or False. Caliphs became merely pawns for the factions at the court.True.9
2866670689What followed Harun al-Rashid's death?A string of civil wars.10
2866681215Who's sons created personal armies in preparation for battling each other in a civil war?al-Ma'mun11
2866688605What was the winning son's army contain?over 4,000 slaves12
2866693942Who were the slaves and what were the used for?They were Turkic speaking nomads from Asia. They were used as a giant body guard.13
2866711927What happened to him and the next four caliphs?They were assassinated but mercenaries.14
2866715916Who had the real power in this time period?Mercenaries and the royal courts15
2866717323What kind of things did the mercenaries lead?They led many uprisings and revolts.16
2870202987What nationality was the royal court?Most were Persian17
2870204185True or false. Most of the influence came from the caliphFalse, the royal courts had almost all real influence and power.18
2870209470What is the name of the 16th century painting that showed the richness and vitality of the Abbasid dynasty?Khamsah(5 Poems) of Nizami19
2870210476What is a harem?A "forbidden" section of castles and palaces that held all wives and concubines.20
2870213095Did men spend more time with their wives or concubines? Why?Concubines, the wives were not permitted education.21
2870215580Which group of Persia took out the Abbasids?Buyids22
2870218560The Buyids changed the title of caliph, what did they change it to?Sultan23
2870218950What does sultan mean?victorious24
2870222518How long did the Buyids lead?100 years25
2870223222What group took out the Buyids of Persia?Seljuk Turks26
2870223842What sect of Islam did the Seljuk Turks heavily support?Sunnis Islam27
2870226093The Seljuk Turks lied the foundation for what group?Ottoman Turks28
2870226821How many Crusades were there?829
2870228411Who was winning in the beginning of the Crusades?the Christians30
2870243450When was Jerusalem taken?June 109931
2870245105How did the Muslims have the element of surprise?The Christians were expecting infidels32
2870248071Give the reasons why the Muslims won the Crusades (5)?Element of surprise, Christians were fighting each other, home field advantage, better weapons, better forts, gunpowder.33
2870248826Which Muslim leader helped turn the Crusades around in their favor?Saladin34
2870254070What was the famous curved sword used by the Muslims and where was it from?The Damascene sword from Damascus.35
2870258719Who was the writer of the Muqaddimah?Ibn Khaldun36
2870260598True or false. Most of what we know about the ancient world came from the writings of Ibn Khaldun?True37
2870283528What was the most demanded item by the Europeans?Textiles38
2870285148Who did the Middle East serve as "middle men" for?Europe and Asia39
2879735552What is the primary language for the Abbasid court? Why?Persian. The Persians were allowed complete control of the courts.40
2879741508What were artists expected to be excellent at beside painting?Calligraphy41
2879748338What ancient writing is this quote from? "A jug of wine, a loaf of bread, and Thou."The Rubaiyat42
2879749665Who wrote the Rubaiyat?Omar Khayyan43
2879753432What is the most important epic poem of ancient Persia?Shah-Nama44
2879755893What does Shah-Nama mean?Book of Kings45
2879758228Who was the Shah-Nama written by?Firdawsi46
2879761838What is the Shah-Nama about?The history of Persia47
2879769952What Persian poet wrote of everyday messages mixed with religious messages?Sa'di48
2879794550What incredible trigonometry theory was developed by the Muslims?Sine, cosine, tangent.49
2879800102What is al-Biruni known for?Precisely calculating the specific weight of 18 major minerals.50
2879821544True or False. Muslims developed incredible hospitals.True.51
2879827572What did the Muslim scholars create that was later copied by by geographers from Portugal to Poland?Maps52
2879833407What is the name of very strict Muslims who were heavily against Sufism?ulama53
2879836939What brilliant Muslim theologian struggled connecting the Greek traditions to the ones of the Qur'an?al-Ghazali54
2879850991Name the Islamic sect that believed in having very personal relationships with Allah.Sufis55
2879862916What central Asian group of nomads posed a great threat to the Middle East and Islamic kingdoms?The Mongols56
2879868167Who is the leader of the Mongols who leads them into great war in the 1220s?Chinggis Khan57
2879872740What is the name of Chinggis Khan's grandson, the man who renewed the assault on the Muslims?Hulegu58
2879876607When was Baghdad taken by the Mongols?125859
2879878451How many Abbasid caliphs were there?3760
2879882418Who stopped the Mongols from moving further west?Mamluks61
2879883718Who were Mamluks?Turkic slaves62
2879897521What happened to the Muslims who chose to stay in India?They blended to the culture.63
2879904298What was the biggest difference between Islam and Hinduism?Islams believed everyone to be equal under Allah, while Hinduism was a strict hierarchy in the caste system?64
2879923687What 17-year-old led the Muslim invasion of Sind in 711?Muhammad ibn Qasim65
2879930820How were the Buddhists and Hindus treated?They were treated as dhimmi or "people of the book."66
2879948248What does "rajas" mean?king67
2879953743Where is Sind located?Western India68
2879961381What ruler originated from a Turkish Slave dynasty?Mahmud of Ghazni69
2879975808What Persian extraction man ruled after Mahmud of Ghazni?Muhammad of Ghur70
2879979244Who came into power after Muhammad of Ghur was assassinated?Qutb-ud-din Aibak71
2879981806Where was the capital then moved?Delhi72
2879985306What does "sultans of Dehli" mean?princes of the heartlands73
2880005193Why were merchants a main contributor of the spreading religion?They carried religion with their trade and essentially served as missionaries.74
2880009931Why was Sufi Islam popular among converts?It was very mystic and similar to their past religions(most for Hindu and Buddhist.)75
2882483549Where were most Indian-Muslim converts from?Lower caste systems and Buddhists76
2882597623What happened to low caste system and untouchable converts in terms of the hierarchy?They remained at the bottom.77
2882605594What is "pan?"Limestone wrapped with betal leaves, used for chewing.78
2882616182Describe "sati."A widowed woman who is burned beside her husbands pyre.79
2882679114Who was allowed to join Bhaktic cults?Everyone80
2882681316Who was Mira Bai?She was a celebrated poet and writer.81
2882724958Who was Kabir?A Muslim mystic who wrote down the significance of religion and claimed everyone could reach spiritual fulfillment.82
2882745352What languages were most of Mira Bai and Kabir's writings in?Regional languages suh as Bengali, Marathi, and Tamil83
2882764918Who were the most worshiped gods?Shiva and Vishnu84
2882768071What did the Bhaktu mystics believe?One should create strong emotional bonds with the deity.85
2882894708What powerful trading city replaced Shrivijaya after it fell?Malacca86
2882925350What is the name of the trading center located on the north coast of Java?Demak87

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