Africa
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| 234260894 | Stateless societies | Societies of varying sizes organized through kinship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states. | 1 | |
| 234260895 | Maghrib | Arabic term for western North Africa | 2 | |
| 234325664 | Almoravids | A puritanical Islamic reform movement among the Berbers of northwest Africa; built am empire from the Africa savanna to Spain | 3 | |
| 234325665 | Almohads | A later puritanical Islamic reform movement among the Berbers of northwest Africa; also built an empire reaching from the african savanna to spain | 4 | |
| 234325666 | Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa | 5 | |
| 234325667 | Lalibela | 13th century ebiopian ruler; built great rock churches | 6 | |
| 234325668 | Sahel | The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the sahara; an exchange region between the forest to the south and north Africa | 7 | |
| 234325669 | Sudanic states | States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways | 8 | |
| 234325670 | Mali | State of the Malinke people centered between sneak and Niger rivers | 9 | |
| 234325671 | Juula | Malinke merchants who traded throughout he Mali empire and west Africa | 10 | |
| 234325672 | Mansa | Title of the ruler of Mali | 11 | |
| 234325673 | Kankan Musa | Made a pilgrimage to Mecca during the 14 th century that became legendary because of the wealth distributed along the way. | 12 | |
| 234325674 | Ishak al-Sahili | An architect who returned the Kankan Musa to Mali; created a distinctive Sudanic architecture utilizing beaten clay. | 13 | |
| 234325675 | Sundiata | Created a unified state that became he Mali empire; dies in 1260. | 14 | |
| 234325676 | Griots | Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings. | 15 | |
| 234325677 | Timbuktu | Niger River port to city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university | 16 | |
| 234325678 | Songhay | Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 17 | |
| 234325679 | Hausa states | States, such Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria, combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs | 18 | |
| 234325680 | Zanj | Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa | 19 | |
| 234325681 | East African trading ports | Urbanizing commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures, including Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilawa, Pate, Zanzibar. | 20 | |
| 234325682 | Ibn Batutu | Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures | 21 | |
| 234325683 | Demographic transition | The change from slow to rapid population growth; often asociated with industrialization; occured fist in Europe and is more characteristic of the "developed world". | 22 | |
| 234325684 | Yoruba | Highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturalists organized into small city-states, as Oyo, under the authority of regional divine kings presiding over elaborate curts. | 23 | |
| 234325685 | Benin | Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo Apeople during the 14th century; famous forbids bronze art work. | 24 | |
| 234325686 | Kongo kingdom | Large agricultural state on the lower Congo River; capital at Mbanza Congo. | 25 | |
| 234325687 | zimbabwe | Central African royal stone courts. | 26 | |
| 234325688 | Great Zimbabwe | With massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greater early buildings in sub-Saharah Africa. | 27 | |
| 234325689 | Mwene Mutapa | Ruler of Great Zimbabwe; controlled large territory reaching to the Indian Ocean. | 28 |
