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| 8050608199 | Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah | The last known prophet/founder of Islam. | 0 | |
| 8050611525 | Islam | The monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century that was based on the teachings of Muhammad that can be found in the Quran. Islam translates to submission and is universalizing. | 1 | |
| 8050621879 | Muslim | A believed or follower of Islam | 2 | |
| 8050622003 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula. They were early converts of Islam. | 3 | |
| 8050625694 | Caliph | The chief muslim/political and religious leader. | 4 | |
| 8050625695 | Caliphate | Islamic empire to be ruled by the rightful Caliph. | 5 | |
| 8050780598 | Quran | Recitations of revelations received by Muhammed. It's the holy book of Islam. | 6 | |
| 8065606474 | Allah | The term for God in Islam | 7 | |
| 8065606475 | Sunni | One of the two branches of Islam. They are the majority and believe that leadership should reside in the early caliphs. | 8 | |
| 8065606476 | Shia | One of the two branches of Islam. They are the minority and believe that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali. | 9 | |
| 8065610213 | Umayyad Caliphate | The first dynasty that opposed the prophet of Muhammad. They are Sunni Muslims. Their capital is in Domoscus, Syria. | 10 | |
| 8065610214 | Abbasid Caliphate | The second dynasty that last for a longer period of time. They align with the Shia to help overthrow the Umayyads. After they gain power, they commit mass genocide on the Shia and convert to Sunni because they need to be seen as the majority. | 11 | |
| 8065610215 | Harem | Living quarters reserved for wives, concubines, female relatives, and female servants in a Muslim household. | 12 | |
| 8065613250 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon. It was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E. It was located on key trade routes that gave the caliph access to trade goods, gold, and information about far empires. | 13 | |
| 8065613251 | Sufi | An Islamic mystical tradition that desired a personal union with God--divine love through intuition rather than through rational deduction and study of the shari'a. Followed an ascetic routine (denial of physical desire to gain a spiritual goal), dedicating themselves to fasting, prayer, meditation on the Qur'an, and the avoidance of sin. A third sect of Islam that has members that are typically nomads. | 14 | |
| 8065626646 | Delhi Sultanate | Muslims dynasties that ruled in India (1206-1520). It was founded after Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithvi Raj and captured Delhi in 1192. | 15 | |
| 8078456930 | Mansa Musa | He was a king that brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 to 1337. He practices Islam and embarks on a journey that further contributes to the spread of Islam. | 16 | |
| 8078461407 | Byzantine Empire | (500 CE - 1453 CE) Eastern portion of the Roman Empire which survived beyond the collapse of the Roman Empire with its capital at Constantinople; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam. | 17 | |
| 8078461408 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. | 18 | |
| 8078461481 | Constantinople | Capital of the Byzantine Empire. Considered to be the crossroads of the world. | 19 | |
| 8078463944 | Mecca | A city in western part of Arabia. It was the birthplace of Muhammad and ritual center of the Islamic religion. | 20 | |
| 8078463945 | Kaaba | A black stone building that Muslim's believe to be built by Abraham. Most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine. | 21 | |
| 8078468280 | Sassanid Empire | Last period of the Persian Empire, Islamic empire to east of Abbasid Caliphate, Shiite, named after House of Sasan, most influential period in Iran's history, not very tolerant | 22 | |
| 8089631044 | Jihad | Literally translates to "struggle" Its more general meaning, referred to as the "greater jihad," is an interior personal effort of each believer against greed and selfishness, a spiritual striving toward living a God-conscious life. In its lesser meaning, also referred as "jihad of the sword," the Quran authorized armed struggle against the forces of unbelief and evil as a means of establishing Muslim rule and or defending the umma from the threats of infidel aggressors. | 23 | |
| 8089631045 | Infidel | A person who doesn't believe in a certain religion or accepted belief; a nonbeliever, freethinker; atheist. Muslims use this term to refer to people as non-Muslims. | 24 | |
| 8089631046 | Umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create a degree of political unity. | 25 | |
| 8089633017 | Medina | Also known as the Yathrib; located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to Bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following the flight of Mecca (hijra). It is also the designation of another Islamic pilgrimage | 26 | |
| 8089633018 | Dhimmis | Literally translates to "people of the book"; applied as an inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus. | 27 | |
| 8111130571 | Jizya | Head tax paid by all non-believers (infidels) in Islamic territories, eliminated by Akbar during his reign, but reinstated by other rulers. | 28 | |
| 8111130572 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars | 29 | |
| 8111130573 | Sufi Shaykhs | Sufi teachers/leaders who attracted a circle of disciples and often founded individual schools of Sufism. | 30 | |
| 8111130574 | Sundiata | Also known the "The Lion Price"; The first king of Mali, his grandson was Mansa Musa. | 31 |
