Terms : Hide Images
| 63434008 | Kievan Russia | State established at Kiev in Ukraine ca. 879 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population. (p. 267) | 0 | |
| 63434009 | schism | division of a group into opposing factions | 1 | |
| 63434010 | manor | the mansion of the lord of the manor | 2 | |
| 63434011 | serf | (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord | 3 | |
| 63434012 | fief | a piece of land held under the feudal system | 4 | |
| 63434013 | vassal | in the middle ages, a noble who usually was given a fief by his lord in exchange for loyalty | 5 | |
| 63434014 | Holy Roman Empire | the lands ruled by Charlemagne | 6 | |
| 63434015 | Investiture Controversy | struggle between popes and kings regarding control of offices or appointments | 7 | |
| 63434016 | monasticism | asceticism as a form of religious life | 8 | |
| 63434017 | horse collar | Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles. (p. 269) | 9 | |
| 63434018 | crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | 10 | |
| 63434019 | pilgramage | journey to a holy place | 11 |
