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AP World History Chapter 11 Flashcards

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8274508709Chinggis KhanTitle meaning "universal ruler" that was given to the Mongol leader Temujin in 1206 after he united the Mongols. (pron. CHENG-iz-KAHN)0
8274511723TurksTurkic speakers from Central Asia, originally nomads, who spread westward into the Near East and into India; they created a series of nomadic empires between 552 and 965 C.E., but they had a more lasting impact on world history when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland and founded a series of states and empires there.1
8274515242PastoralismAn alternative kind of food-producing economy focused on the raising of livestock. Pastoralism emerged only in the Afro-Eurasian world, for in the Americas the absence of large animals that could be domesticated precluded a herding economy.2
8274522668Black Death/plagueName later given to the massive plague pandemic that swept through Eurasia beginning in 1331; it is usually regarded as an outbreak of bubonic plague.3
8274525838TemujinBirth name of the Mongol leader better known as Chinggis Khan (1162-1227). (pron. TEM-uh-jin)4
8274533255KhutulunA mongol princess (ca. 1260-1306) whose exploits in battle and wrestling along with her choice of husband provide insight into the relative freedom and influence of elite Mongol women in their societies. (pron. hoo-TE-yun)5
8274537151Mongol world warTerm used to describe half a century of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building pursued by Chinggis Khan and his successors in Eurasia after 1209.6
8274540732HuleguGrandson of Chinggis Khan (ca. 1217-1265) who became first il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia. (pron. hoo-LAY-goo-KAHN)7
8274543903Khubilai KhanGrandson of Chinggis Khan who ruled China from 1271 to 1294. (pron. KOO-bihlie-KAHN)8
8274560855XiongnuPeople of the Mongolian steppe lands north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire in the third and second centuries B.C.E. (pron. SHE-OONG-noo)9
8274563793ModunGreat ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (r. 210-174 B.C.E.) who created a centralized and hierarchical political system. (pron. moe-DOON)10
8274566879Almoravid EmpireEmerging out of an Islamic reform movement among the Sanhaja Berber pastoralist in the eleventh century, the Almoravid Empire incorporated a large part of northwestern Africa with its capitol in Marrakesh. In 1086, it crossed into southern Spain where it offered vigorous opposition to Christian efforts to conquer the region. The empire collapsed by the mid-twelfth century.(pron. al-muh-RAH-vid)11
8274570179Kipchak Khanate/Golden HordeName given to Russia by the Mongols after they conquered it and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire in the mid-thirteenth century; known to Russians as the "Khanate of the Golden Horde." (pron. KIP-chak- KAHN-ate)12
8274573086Yuan dynastyMongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271-1368; its name means "great beginnings." (pron.yu-wen)13

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