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| 15496378923 | pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 0 | |
| 15496381275 | Modun | Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (r. 210-174 B.C.E.) who created a centralized and hierarchical political system. | 1 | |
| 15496391367 | Xiongnu | Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state. | 2 | |
| 15496419254 | Turks | Central Asian nomads related to the Xiongnu peoples that pressured Han China. Set up empires throughout Eurasia. Organized as tribes that constantly fought each other. Most converted to Islam. They were primarily herders, using animal products to live (skins, meat, milk, bones, dung, etc). Not a large population because of limited water on the grasslands. Nobility was hereditary but could be lost through incompetence. Most societies sought to trade with settled people. Nobles controlled absolutely in times of war. | 3 | |
| 15496453703 | Almoravid Empire | Founded in the 11th century by Muslim reformers, specifically Ibn Yasin . Its members came from a Berber group living in the western Sahara in what is today Mauritania. The movement began after devout Berber Muslims made a hajj. | 4 | |
| 15496505254 | Temujin/Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227) Father murdered, family held together by mother. Built up a small band of followers, allied with powerful tribal leaders, and rose to power from complex tribal politics. In 1206 Mongol tribal assembly recognized him as supreme leader of Mongol nation. To keep tribe together decided to attack China, first assault launched 1209. | 5 | |
| 15496517358 | the Mongol world war | Eurasia, 13th-15th centuries •50-year period of Mongol conquests across Eurasia that created the Mongol empire •Subjected huge populations to Mongol rule •Military strength allowed for rapid conquest •Mongol rule created interactions between diverse groups •Served to diffuse technology, culture, political and economic systems | 6 | |
| 15496525424 | Yuan Dynasty China | Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; its name means "great beginnings." | 7 | |
| 15496530240 | Khubilai Khan | Last of the Mongol Great Khans (r. 1260-1294). Ruled the Mongol Empire from China and was the founder of the Yuan Empire in China after defeating what was left of the Song Dynasty. | 8 | |
| 15496541761 | Hulegu | (1217 - 1265) Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1258. | 9 | |
| 15496554953 | Khutulun | A Mongol princess (ca. 1260-1306) whose exploits in battle and wrestling, along with her choice of husbands, provide insight into the relative freedom and influence of elite Mongol women in their societies. | 10 | |
| 15496560718 | Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde | Name given to Russia by the Mongols after they conquered it and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire in the mid-thirteenth century; known to Russians as the "Khanate of the Golden Horde." | 11 | |
| 15496566981 | Black Death/plague | a form of bubonic plague that spread over Europe in the 14th century and killed an estimated quarter of the population. | 12 |
