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| 5392811601 | Australian Paleolithic | Hunter gather people Not connected for a long time and did not adopt farming of New Guinea. They deliberately set fires to get rid of underbrush so that they could hunt more easily and would encourage the growth of certain plants and attract certain kinds of animals. | 0 | |
| 5392840163 | Northwestern American Peoples | Include Chinookan, Talaip, Skagit Had a lot of edible animal species - so no need for agriculture Had large sturdy houses and permanent villages Had slavery, powerful clan leaders, storage of food, ranked societies and economic specialization. | 1 | |
| 5392877539 | Igbo | East of Niger River in West Africa Hunter/gather and agricultural No kings or central state - stateless society balanced power between kinship groups, wealthy men, and women's associations. Still trading with surround and long distance areas. | 2 | |
| 5392929608 | Iroquois - speaking peoples and five nations | Adopted the maize and bean planting of meso-america around 1300. This increased their population As they become more agricultural the men became war-faring - leading to increased conflict amongst peoples. 15th century formed the Five Nations confederation of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca peoples. Had a council of clan leaders who would adjudicate dispute and set reparations and stopped the internal conflicts. | 3 | |
| 5392976028 | Women's roles in Iroquois | Had a more opportunity. They selected the leaders. Owned the agricultural and land. Matrilineal society and lived with wife's family. | 4 | |
| 5393059632 | Timur | Turkic nomadic warrior, like Chinggis Khan, who conquered Persia, Russia, and India. Died in 1405 trying to invade China. Last of nomadic invasions. Culture combined Turkic and Persian elements, Poets, traders, craftsmen. | 5 | |
| 5393098731 | Fulbe | Pastoral peoples in West Africa of the western fringe of the Sahara. Migrated eastward and formed a relationship with the agricultural peoples where they would pay fees to agricultural peoples (farming hosts). Resented the farming hosts Adopted Islam and became religious leaders. Center of jihadist uprisings and religious leaders of expanding Islam. | 6 | |
| 5393208458 | Ming Dynasty | 1368-1644 Return to Chinese cultural ideas and rejection of Mongol ways, dress, and culture. Relocated capital to Beijing, built the Forbidden City and Temple of Heaven. Wrote instructions for female behavior returning to old Chinese norms. Central Chinese state that had examination system. Emperor was the central ruler with scholar eunuchs to assist. Return to agricultural society with rebuilding of canals and reservoirs. | 7 | |
| 5393291513 | Chinese maritime expedition and Zheng He | Set out in 1405 by order of Emperor Yongle - 28 year expedition. Sent important high ranking eunuchs, physicians, government officials, etc out to set up trading and tribute to China. Did not expand empire or create new settlements. Stopped abruptly in 1433 when Yongle died. China was independent "middle kingdom" that not need input other countries. Trade continue without government support. | 8 | |
| 5393360297 | Europe in 15th Century | No one large central state - but instead fragmented states that included Spain, France, England, etc that developed their own cultures and language. Always at war with each other - very competitive states. | 9 | |
| 5393405971 | Renaissance | 1350-1500 Renewed interest in Greco-Roman traditions Based around a wealthy elite males who patronized the arts and literature and science. Not based around christianity, but more non-religious. A truthful view of humanity not determined by religious ideals. | 10 | |
| 5393530435 | Christine de Pizan | Daughter of Venetian official living in Paris who wrote City of Ladies and spoke of women's rights to education and their ability to be active members of society. | 11 | |
| 5393553103 | European Maritime | 1492 Columbus sailed to new world for Spain looking east Asia. 1497 Vasco da Gama sailed around tip of Africa to East Africa, India and Indian Ocean for Portugal. | 12 | |
| 5393655669 | Comparison of Chinese Maritime to European Maritime | Chinese fleet were huge - many thousands of sailors, European fleet was small Chinese had no intention of expanding empire or converting to Chinese culture. Europeans wanted to convert to Christianity and expand Empire to control the wealth and goods of the other areas. Chinese had no major threats and European had threat of Islam. As China withdrew it led the way for European expansion of Indian Ocean. | 13 | |
| 5415870902 | Ottoman Empire | Turkic warriors and their empire stretched from Anatolian peninsula, SE Europe, coastal North Africa, middle east. Dominant group of Islam - claimed legacy of caliph (successor of the Prophet), claimed legacy of Abbasid Empire, and protector of faith "strong sword of Islam." Terror of the Turk - aggression from Ottoman into Europe and Byzantium. Conquered Constantinople 1453. Attacked Vienna in 1529. | 14 | |
| 5415906447 | Safavid Empire | Also Turkic background, but Shia in religion. Occupied Persia (now Iran). Emerged from Sufi religious order founded by Safi al-Din. Had Shia Islam as official religion. Strongly opposed Sunni Islam of Ottoman Empire. | 15 | |
| 5415927452 | Songhay Empire | Islamic empire located West African savannas in a central area of trans-Saharan trade routes. Had a lot of wealth. Islam centered mainly in urban centers, which allowed the king, Sonni Ali, to have both practices of Islam and native culture (magical/mystical). | 16 | |
| 5415958351 | Mughal Empire | In India. Similar to Songhai in that the leaders were Islamic and ruled over a primarily non-muslim people. | 17 | |
| 5415974025 | Islam in SE Asia | Islam spread in the 15th century after the retreat of Mongols and the plague. Islam spread as a result of trading networks not through conquest. (similar to Songhai in that respect). Malacca was a very diverse trading city. Here Islam was a blend of Hindu and Buddhism and other local beliefs. | 18 | |
| 5416010391 | Mexica and Aztec Empire | A semi-nomadic people from Northern Mexico. They established themselves on an island in Lake Texaco (which is now where Mexico City is located). They build Teonchtitlan, and made alliances that allowed them to expand their empire and grow it into the Aztec empire. Unstable and loosely structured government that had frequent rebellions. Required conquered peoples to tribute large quantities of rubber balls, jewelry, food, textiles and other goods. Pochteca were merchants who were commoners but wealthier than novels and could become magnates of land. Human sacrifice was an essential element of Aztec culture. | 19 | |
| 5416084422 | Aztec human sacrifice | Believed the Sun god was always battling darkness. Needed life energy from human blood in the form of human sacrifice. This allowed the roles of priests and leaders to merge. Conquered peoples provided the people needed for sacrifice. Warfare often resulted in capture rather than immediate death to help supply the need for human sacrifice. | 20 | |
| 5425541415 | Inca Empire and Government | Largest empire of the Americas, spanning 2,500 miles over the Andean mountains. Inca's expanded their empire through conquering and military force. They moved the people into separate regions to aid in assimilation. They were run by governors. The people were grouped into hierarchal units of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 people. Kept census data on knotted cords called quipus. Incas required conquered to acknowledge their dieties but also were allowed to carry on their own religious traditions. In places where government already existed, Incas would assimilate with government intact. | 21 | |
| 5425587180 | Inca Empire State Control | Incas controlled all aspects of land, resources, and economics. Required all citizens to perform Mita, a labor service that may include state farms, "sun farms", herding, mining, military service, construction projects, and skilled labor. Women may be "chosen women" who made corn beer and cloth and later would become the wives of distinguished men or served as priestesses. | 22 | |
| 5425618936 | Gender parallelism | Observed in both Inca and Aztec societies. women and men operate in two separate but equivalent spheres, each gender enjoying autonomy in its own sphere. Gender roles of women, like sweeping, wasn't considered inferior to those practices of men. It had religious meaning and was considered sacred. Men worshipped the Sun while women worshipped the moon. They had similar hierarchy of Gods. | 23 | |
| 5425691246 | Webs of Connected | During the fifteenth century the peoples were not living an entirely self-contained life. The religious groups, Christians, Muslims, and Buddhist, were made up of very different groups of people that were tied together by a common religious belief. However, difference in those religious beliefs did create great strife amongst some groups, such as a the Sunni and Shia. Also these groups were commonly bound by the vast trade networks of the Indian Ocean and the Silk Road. | 24 | |
| 5425732708 | A look ahead to the Modern Era | Before, communication and ties between Afro-euroasia and the Americas and Pacific Ocean peoples was nonexistent. However, after the voyage of Columbus, things changed dramatically. Also changing the face of the world cultures was the industrialization of first Europe and followed by the rest of the world. This was also accompanied by a huge growth in human population. This industrialization created a larger urban society that was more commercialized. They began to replace the agricultural societies and peoples and created a factory working class that replaced the peasants and artisans. States became more intrusive in everyday life. Europeans become the dominate force in the world. | 25 |
