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| 5619304504 | In what ways did the gathering and hunting people of Australia differ from those of the North-West coast of North Africa? | -paleolithic peoples persisted much longer in Australia than in other continents -the Europeans arrived in Australia in the 18th century to find the many innovations the various tribes had created, but that not many of these inventions had penetrated into the mainland -created rituals and practices based upon their paleolithic past | 0 | |
| 5619343538 | What kinds of changes were transforming the societies of the West African Igbo and North American Iroquois as the 15th century unfolded? | IROQUOIS: -did not adapt agriculture until 15th century, but change brought frequent warfare among the tribes -Great Law of Peace established by the 5 nations -limited government, social equality, and personal freedom found favor in the eyes of the British IGBO: -traded often -lived secluded lives -their trade reached all the way to the large African kingdom of Songhay in the North | 1 | |
| 5619384577 | What role did Central Asian and West african pastoralists play in their respective regions? | -Timur's army of Nomads brought devastation to Russia, Persia, and India comparable to that of Mongol destruction -African pastoralists stayed independent much longer than in Inner Asia -many adopted Islam and became respected religious leaders | 2 | |
| 5619406512 | How would you define the major achievements of Ming Dynasty China? | -China recovered under the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) after years of epidemic -effort to eliminate all traces of foreign rule -Confucianism re-promoted and civil service exams reestablished -Encyclopedia complied under Yongle -Yongle relocated the capital of Beijing and ordered the building of a magnificent imperial residence | 3 | |
| 5619446702 | What political and cultural differences stand out in the histories of 15th century China and Western Europe? What similarities are apparent? | EUROPE: -many separate, competing states -fractured government -Renaissance -decentralized government -sharply divided Christendom CHINA: -one unified state -most powerful of its time -less focus on religion and more focus on culture -empire-wide government | 4 | |
| 5629954127 | In what ways did European maritime voyaging in the 15th century differ from that of China? What accounts for these differences? | EUROPE: -much smaller voyages -purpose was to spread Christianity and European power -sought goods from Asia and Africa -sought as many converts as possible to slow down Muslim empire CHINA: -desired "something from abroad" -realized that they had no need for more power or superiority -was not a conversion mission | 5 | |
| 5629992523 | What differences can you identify among the four major empires in the Islamic World of the 15th and 16th centuries? | OTTOMAN: -largest of the four, lasted from the 14th to early 20th century -encompassed much of Anatolia and the Balkans -acquired a large population of Christians and incorporated many diverse peoples -in this empire, Turks now dominated Arabs SAFAVID: -located in Persia, its leadership was Turkic, but had emerged from a Sufi religious order -forcibly imposed Shia Islam, thus creating a sharp divide in the Islamic empire -this form of Islam came to define Iranian culture SONGHAY: -located in West Africa, operated at a crucial intersection of the Trans-Saharan trade routes -became a major center of Islamic learning -Islam was limited to mainly urban elites MUGHAL: -located in India, like Songhay, governed non-Muslim populations -created an on-going encounter between Islamic and Hindu civilizations -gave India a rare period of political unity and laid the foundation for British colonial rule -Muslim-Hindu bipartisan relationship | 6 | |
| 5630140888 | What distinguished the Aztec and Inca empires from each other? | AZTEC: -created mainly by the Mexica people, a semi nomadic group from Northern Mexico -claimed decent from Teotehuacans and Toltecs -loosely structured and unstable state; frequent rebellions by subject peoples -conquered peoples required to pay with goods, supplies, ect. -religious life very bloody; human sacrifice; cynical world view INCAS:-located in the Andes, drew from Chavin influence -15th-early 16th centuries, but larger than the Aztec empire -erected a bureaucratic empire; emperor as absolute ruler and regarded as divine -births, deaths, and marriages recorded on quipus -conquered peoples required to learn Quechua | 7 | |
| 5631386047 | How did Aztec religious thinking support the empire? | -the Aztecs had a very cynical world view and thought that the growth of the empire was a means of maintaining cosmic order -this ideology shaped Aztec warfare -they focused on capturing prisoners rather than killing the enemy -as the empire grew, Priests and Rulers became manually dependent, and thus many more human sacrifices were carried out | 8 | |
| 5631488658 | In what ways did Inca authorities seek to integrate their vast domains? | -the state owned all land and resources -each of the 80 provinces had and Inca governor -all conquered peoples were required to learn Quechua and this language is still spoken by millions from Ethiopia to Chile -inspectors provided a check on provincial offices and reported to the government -meticulous data of births, deaths, and marriages | 9 | |
| 5631523749 | In what different ways did the peoples of the 15th century interact with one another? | -Christian and Muslim encounters in the Ottoman empire -Muslim and Hindu encounters in the Mughal empire -Incas produced a huge effort for integration -religion linked far-flung peoples, but also divided them: The Protestant Reformation -the Hajj to Mecca -trade networks and shared influence: ability to trade larger quantities -intermarriage between cultures | 10 |
