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AP World History Chapter 13 and 14 Vocab Flashcards

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8798717568Columbian ExchangeExchanged many things between Europe and America like crops (corn and potatoes to Europe, sugar and coffee to America (cash crops)), animals (mostly Europe sending over animals like cows, pigs, chickens, etc.), and diseases (Small pox spread through native Americans)0
8798717569MestizoSpanish and Native American1
8798717570CreoleSpanish blood, but born in American colonies2
8798717571AkbarMughal ruler with a genius for cultural blending, military conquest, and art, along with bringing peace to his territory3
8798717572IsmailThis man was a ruthless leader of the Safavid Empire who executed all Sunni Muslims in his empire4
8798717573KowtowBowing, but all the way. Like, on the floor. Hands, arms, face, everything. But still kneeling.5
8798717574Peter RomanovThis was the tsar of Russia that Westernized Russia and built up a massive Russian army. The "no beards" guy6
8798717575ManchusNortheast Asians who founded the Qing Empire7
8798717576Macartney Missionunsuccessful attempt by the British Empire to establish diplomatic relations with the Qing Empire. They refused to kowtow.8
8798717577Little Ice AgeA period of cooling temperatures and harsh winters that lead to the demand for furs and the fur trade9
8798717578EncomiendaFirst to be used, and it consisted of the Spaniards caring for the natives and guiding them through the path to Christianity, and the natives would then owe the Spaniards labor and gold. This was exploited and became something close to slavery, in that the Spaniards were demanding so much labor and gold that the natives were barely able, if even, to support themselves or have a life outside of work10
8798717579HaciendaCame later than the Encomienda, natives were to work for Spaniards on an estate or plantation, and the Spaniards would supply them with gold for a steady income. However, the Spaniards that paid the natives were also the ones that taxed them, and with time, the natives were given little pay, and taxed in high amounts11
8798717580MulattoesEuropean and African12
8798717581Great DyingRemember the small pox you brought over, Europeans? Yeah. evRYONE'S DYING (at least all the natives)13
8798717582Tupac Amaru IIMember of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-178114
8798717583Tokugawa Shogunate(とくがわ) Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences which was also the last of three shogunates. This was the, "Christianity is threatening our culture! Close the borders! Kill all the Christians! Though, uh, keep a few dutch on an island; they could be useful to have. But keep that on the down-low"15
8798717584SiberiaThe Asiatic region of Russia, it is very cold and desolate. It was often used as a "prison" because when you dropped someone off out there, chances are, you'll never see them again!16
8798717585Samurai(さむらい) Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land similarly to how feudalism worked in Western Europe17
8798717586MuscovyRussian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. Once the capitol of Russia after fall of Kiev, but then the capitol was moved to Petersburg (now St. Petersburg)18
8798717587BoyarsLand owning aristocrats (nobles) in early Russia19
8798717588Indentured ServantA white person brought to America and treated like a slave under legal contract so to pay for a debt or crime20
8798717589SeasoningTraining (in this case, training the young children how to be a good slave on the plantation)21
8798717590Mercantilismthe theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys22
8798717591Soft GoldThe fur trade, fur was "soft gold" because of valued it was during the Little Ice Age23
8798717592PotosiThe silver mine in the mountain in South America. It was a HUGE silver mine in the older days, and is still in operation24
8798717593PlantocracyThe rich people that own plantations rule the area, 'cause money makes 'Merica, I guess25
8798717594Middle Passagethe sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies (Caribbean) and other parts of America26
8798717595Great Curcuit/Triangle TradeThe triangle of trade from Europe (angle E) to Africa for slaves (angle S) to America for plantations (angle P) and the cash crops back to Europe fueling the economy (Angle E again). Just remember ESP if you're having trouble. Europe, Slaves, Plantations27
8798717596African DiasporaThe forced removal of Africans from their homeland to serve as slaves in the Americas (and in the Middle East, but usually in a Haram, if in the ME)28

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