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AP World History Chapter 13 Flashcards

Test 2/22/18

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9035275532Medicine, spice, sweetener, preservative, high-status decorationuses of sugar0
9059072864Mapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques, ship design4 European innovations that aided their exploration1
9041809443Spain, Portugal, England, France, NetherlandsFive European countries which explored and settled in the Americas2
9042092456Hernan CortezConqueror of the Aztecs3
9042092457Moctezuma IILast native ruler of the Aztecs4
9042092458PizarroConqueror of the Incas5
9042092459AtahualpaLast native ruler of the Incas6
9042092460Smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, yellow feverEuropean diseases which decimated native populations in the New World7
9042092461Little Ice AgePeriod of unusually cool temperatures in the early modern period, most prominently in the northern hemisphere8
9042092462Crops, plants, animals, people, diseasesWhat was exchanged between the old and new world during the Columbian Exchange?9
9042092463Horses, pigs, cattle, goats, sheepOld World animals introduced to the New World10
9042092464Corn, potatoes, cassava, sweet potatoes, peanutsNew world crops that Europeans learned about11
9042092465Tobacco, chocolateNon-food crops that Europeans learned about from the New World12
9042092466SilverPrecious metal mined in Mexico and Peru which propelled global commerce13
9042092467SlavesWorkers which Europeans brought to New World colonies14
9042092468IndustrialWealth supplied by the New World colonies enabled this type of revolution in Europe15
9042092469MercantilismPrevailing economic theory of the time which said that accumulation of precious metals was the source of national prosperity16
9042092470Agriculture and miningThe economic foundation for a colonial society17
9042092471EncomiendaThe process of granting native workers and land to a Spanish settler who was to provide protection for those natives and Christian instruction18
9042092472RepartimentoLabor required from native workers, usually in the mines19
9042092473HaciendaEstate on which owner employed native workers20
9042092474PeonsNative workers21
9042092475CreolesSpanish born in the Americas who were second in the colonial social system22
9042092476PeninsularesSpanish who were born in Spain but ruled the colonies23
9042092477MestizosMixed race population: Europeans with natives24
9042092478Indiansat the bottom of colonial society25
9042092479SugarMajor crop of the Caribbean and Brazil26
9035275533SlavesUsed to produce sugar27
9035275534MulattoesOf European and African ancestry28
9035275535Tobacco, cotton, rice, indigoMajor crops raised by slave labor in British North America29
9035275536LessDid the British colonies produce more or less racial mixing?30
9035275537NoWas the church as important in the British colonies as it was in Latin America?31
9035275538BritishWho had more self-government—British or Latin American colonies?32
9035275539FurSoft gold of Siberia33
9035275540YasakRussian word for tribute which they demanded of Siberia34
9035275541Tax breaks, tribute exemption, land, cashOffers made to Siberians to encourage them to convert to Christianity35
9035275542agriculture, valuable furs, mineral depositsThree advantages that made Russia one of the great powers of Europe36
9035275543Peter the GreatRuler of Russia known for his westernization programs37
9035275544Shave beards, dance, smoke, clothing, improve military, improve education, industrializationMethods that Peter the Great used in the westernization process38
9035275545St PetersburgNew capital of Russia39
9035275546Window on the Westnickname of St. Petersburg, the new capital of Russia40
9035275547Soviet Union; 1991Russian empire that lasted until its collapse; give the year41
9035275548Qing DynastyLast Chinese dynasty(1644-1912)42
9035275549ManchusEthnic group in charge of the Qing dynasty43
9035275550Mongolia, Xinjiang, TibetTerritories that Manchus added to China establishing the boundaries it has today44
9035275551EastDirection that the Russian empire expanded45
9035275552Treaty of NerchinskThis treaty established the boundary between China and Russia46
9035275553MilitaryChinese used new people as a source for this47
9035275554HinduismReligion of most of the Indian people during the Mughal Empire48
9035275555IslamReligion of the minority in the Mughal empire49
9035275556Akbarmost famous Mughal ruler50
9035275557Child marriages, sati2 things Akbar discouraged51
9035275558YesWas Akbar known for religious toleration?52
9035275559House of WorshipTemple that Akbar built53
9035275560AurangzebMughal emperor who sought to impose Islamic supremacy54
9035275561Gambling, drinking, prostitution, narcotics4 vices that Aurangzeb suppressed55
9035275562BritainOpposition to Aurangzeb's rule opened the way for this country to take over India56
9035275563Ottoman EmpireEmpire which was the most significant Islamic empire at the time57
9035275564TurksEthnic group that established the Ottoman Empire58
9035275565Mecca, Medina, JerusalemHoly cities of Islam that the Turks protected59
9035275566Sunniversion of Islam followed by the Ottoman Empire60
9035275567ShiaVersion of Islam followed by the Safavids against whom the Ottomans fought61
9035275568IstanbulNew name given to Constantinople in 145362
9035275569BalkansSoutheastern Europe was called this63
9035275570DevshirmeOttoman authorities took young Christian boys into the service of the state64
9035275571Terror of the TurksThe closeness of the Ottoman Empire made Europeans fear this65

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