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| 6102795538 | Printing press | A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium revolutionizing the way people conceive and describe the world they live in, and ushering in the period of modernity |  | 0 |
| 6102806918 | Gunpowder | Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). The sulfur and charcoal act as fuels, and the saltpeter is an oxidizer, originated from China. | 1 | |
| 6102823068 | Astrolabe | An astrolabe is an elaborate inclinometer, historically used by astronomers and navigators, to measure the inclined position in the sky of a celestial body, day or night. | 2 | |
| 6102841500 | Keel | On boats and ships, keel can refer to either of two parts: a structural element that sometimes resembles a fin and protrudes below a boat along the central line, or a hydrodynamic element. | 3 | |
| 6102848480 | Sternpose rudders | A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other conveyance that moves through a fluid medium (generally air or water), originated in China. | 4 | |
| 6102877729 | Caravel | A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. | 5 | |
| 6102884759 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 - 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier. | 6 | |
| 6102900985 | Heliocentric theory | Heliocentrism, or heliocentricism, is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. | 7 | |
| 6102914556 | Ptolemy | Claudius Ptolemy ( AD 100 - c. 170) was a Greek writer, known as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. | 8 | |
| 6102947985 | Theravada | Theravāda (Pali, literally "school of the elder monks") is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core. The Pali canon is the only complete Buddhist canon which survives in a classical Indic Language, Pali, which serves as the sacred language and lingua franca of Theravada Buddhism. Another feature of Theravada is that it tends to be very conservative about matters of doctrine and monastic discipline. As a distinct sect, Theravada Buddhism developed in Sri Lanka and spread to the rest of Southeast Asia. | 9 | |
| 6102958548 | Mahayana | Mahayana is one of two (or three, under some classifications) main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice. The Buddhist tradition of Vajrayana is sometimes classified as a part of Mahayana Buddhism, but some scholars may consider it as a different branch altogether. | 10 | |
| 6102978739 | Sunni-Shiite split | A event that had divided most Muslims from the minortity who viewed Mohammed's son-in-law Ali, not the Umayyad caliphs, as Mohammed's rightful successor. | 11 | |
| 6103021136 | Imam | An imam is an Islamic leadership position. It is most commonly in the context of a worship leader of a mosque and Muslim community by Sunni Muslims. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. For Shi'a Muslims, the imam has a more central meaning and role in Islam through the concept of Imamah; the term is only applicable to those members of the house of the prophet ahl al-Bayt, designated as infallibles. | 12 | |
| 6103032596 | Protestantism | Protestantism is a form of Christianity which originated with the Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy. The term derives from the letter of protestation from German Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical. | 13 | |
| 6103043469 | Matin Luther | Martin Luther( 10 November 1483 - 18 February 1546), O.S.A., was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He strongly disputed his understanding of the Catholic view on indulgences, that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. Luther proposed an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in his Ninety-five Theses of 1517. His refusal to renounce all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the Pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor. | 14 | |
| 6103059390 | John Calvin | John Calvin (10 July 1509 - 27 May 1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, aspects of which include the doctrines of predestination and of the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation, in which doctrines Calvin was influenced by and elaborated upon the Augustinian and other early Christian traditions. Various Congregational, Reformed, and Presbyterian churches, which look to Calvin as the chief expositor of their beliefs, have spread throughout the world. | 15 | |
| 6103108506 | Anglican Church | England King Henry 8 formed the Protestant Church of England, also known as Anglican Church. | 16 | |
| 6103124491 | Salvation by grace | The belief that only God's forgiveness could bringg a worshipper to heaven. | 17 | |
| 6103133397 | Catholic Counter-Reformation | The Catholic Church subjected itself to a process of change in response to the Protestant Reformation in the mid-1500s. | 18 | |
| 6103152720 | Francis Xavier | Saint Francis Xavier, S.J. (born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta, 7 April 1506-3 December 1552), was a Navarrese-Basque Roman Catholic missionary, born in Javier (Xavier in Navarro-Aragonese or Xabier in Basque), Kingdom of Navarre (present day Spain), and a co-founder of the Society of Jesus. | 19 | |
| 6103174626 | Vodun | Developed among african-descended populations throughout the Caribbean, due to the mixing of animistic spirit worship from West Africa. | 20 | |
| 6103197277 | Cult of saints | Indigenous worshippers came to identify their own polytheistic dieties with the array of saints venerated by Catholics. | 21 | |
| 6103211959 | Guru Nanak | Guru Nanak About this sound pronunciation (help·info)[1] (Punjabi: Gurmukhi ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ, Punjabi: Shahmukhi گرونانک, Hindi: गुरु नानक, Urdu: گرونانک, [ˈɡʊɾu ˈnɑnək] Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 - 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated world-wide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Kartik Pooranmashi, the full-moon day in the month of Katak, October-November. | 22 | |
| 6103220061 | Sikhism | Sikhism from Sikh, meaning a "disciple", or a "learner, is a panentheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century. | 23 | |
| 6103256755 | Versailles | The Palace of Versailles, Château de Versailles, or simply Versailles (English /vɛərˈsaɪ/ vair-sy or /vərˈsaɪ/ vər-sy; French: [vɛʁsaj]), is a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France region of France. | 24 | |
| 6103258536 | Red Fort | The Red Fort is a historical fort in the city of Delhi in India. It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal dynasty for nearly 200 years, until 1857. It is located in the center of Delhi and houses a number of museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors and their households, it was the ceremonial and political centre of the Mughal state and the setting for events critically impacting the region. | 25 | |
| 6103262487 | Miguel de Cervantes | Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed) - 23 April 1616),[4] was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. | 26 | |
| 6103264967 | John Locke | John Locke FRS (29 August 1632 - 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".[1][2][3] Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence. | 27 | |
| 6103266699 | Blue Mosque | The Blue Mosque is a famous historic mosque in Tabriz, Iran. The mosque and some other public buildings were constructed in 1465 upon the order of Jahan Shah, the ruler of Kara Koyunlu. | 28 | |
| 6103270003 | Carpet-weaving | A knotted-pile carpet is a carpet containing raised surfaces, or piles, from the cut off ends of knots woven between the warp and woof. The Ghiordes/Turkish knot and the Senneh/Persian knot, typical of Turkish carpets and Persian carpets, are the two primary knots.[1] A flat or tapestry woven carpet, without pile, is a kilim. A pile carpet is influenced by width and number of warp and weft, pile height, knots used, and knot density. | 29 | |
| 6103275646 | Sundiata epic | The Sundiata Keita or Epic of Sundiata (also referred to as the Sundiata Epic or Sunjata Epic) is an epic poem of the Malinke people and tells the story of the hero Sundiata Keita (died 1255), the founder of the Mali Empire. The epic is an instance of oral tradition, going back to the 14th century and narrated by generations of griot poets or jeliw (djeli). There is no single or authoritative version. Material pertaining to the epic first began to be collected during the early 20th century in French Sudan, notably by the French elite school École William Ponty, resulting in the "modern" version of the tale as considered standard today, as published in "novelistic" form in French translation by Djibril Tamsir Niane in 1960 (English translation 1965). | 30 | |
| 6103277889 | Basketry | Basket weaving (also basketry or basket making) is the process of weaving or sewing pliable materials into two- or threedimensional artefacts, such as mats or containers. Craftspeople and artists specialised in making baskets are usually referred to as basket makers and basket weavers. | 31 | |
| 6103281334 | Taj Mahal | The Taj Mahal (/ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl/, more often /ˈtɑːʒ/;[3] meaning Crown of the Palace[4]) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned 1628-1658), to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre)[5] complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall. | 32 |
