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| 14802970681 | Yangdi | second Sui ruler; restored Confucian examination system; constructed canal system; assassinated in 618. |  | 0 |
| 14802970682 | Li Yuan | Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over the empire after the assassination of Yangdi; first Tang ruler. |  | 1 |
| 14802970683 | Chang'an | capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million larger than any contemporary world city. |  | 2 |
| 14802970684 | Ministry of Public Rites | administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty. |  | 3 |
| 14802970685 | jinshi | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office. | 4 | |
| 14802970686 | pure land Buddhism | "emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism, popular among masses of Chinese society." |  | 5 |
| 14802970687 | Chan Buddhism | called Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite. |  | 6 |
| 14802970688 | Zen Buddhism | called Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite. | | 7 |
| 14802970689 | Empress Wu | Tang ruler 690-705; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created. |  | 8 |
| 14802970690 | Wuzong | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism. | 9 | |
| 14802970691 | Xuanzong | "leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755, although he encouraged overexpansion." | 10 | |
| 14802970692 | Yang Guifei | royal concubine of Tang emperor Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into administration led to revolt. | 11 | |
| 14802970693 | Zhao Kuangyin | general who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu. |  | 12 |
| 14802970694 | Liao dynasty | founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China. |  | 13 |
| 14802970695 | Khitans | founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture. |  | 14 |
| 14802970696 | Zhu Xi | most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life. |  | 15 |
| 14802970697 | neo-Confucians | revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song-era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences. |  | 16 |
| 14802970698 | Tangut | rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226. |  | 17 |
| 14802970699 | Xi Xia | "kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry." | 18 | |
| 14802970700 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society. |  | 19 |
| 14802970701 | Jurchens | founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee south. |  | 20 |
| 14802970702 | Jin | kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234. | | 21 |
| 14802970703 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. | 22 | |
| 14802970704 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin. |  | 23 |
| 14802970705 | junks | "Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula." |  | 24 |
| 14802970706 | flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency. | 25 | |
| 14802970707 | footbinding | male-imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household. |  | 26 |
| 14802970708 | Li Bo | most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. |  | 27 |
