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| 2328285613 | Who were the biggest encouragers of European Maritime voyage? | The elite | 0 | |
| 2328285614 | Reasons for European sea voyages | -Opportunities for land to be expanded so that there could be more food -Needed a larger land-based to support the expansion of its economy to produce in demand goods -more trade opportunities for merchants | 1 | |
| 2328285615 | Europe's advantages in sea voyages | -States in trading companies enabled effective mobilization of human and material resources -seafaring technology allowed easy movement on sea -ironworking technology, gunpowder weapons -horses | 2 | |
| 2328285616 | What provided allies for determined European invaders? | Divisions between and within local societies such as people in Aztec empire | 3 | |
| 2328285617 | Most significant of European advantages | Their germs and diseases - Native Americans had no immunities so disease wiped out many societies | 4 | |
| 2328285618 | Why did so many Native Americans die from the European diseases? | Because many lived in Andean zones and long isolation from Afro Eurasian world and lack of most domesticated animals meant there was no acquired immunity | 5 | |
| 2328285619 | What did the "Great dying" create? | -acute labor shortage -made room for immigrant newcomers (colonizing Europeans and African slaves) | 6 | |
| 2328285620 | What did domesticated animals such as horses and sheep make possible in North and South America? | Cowboy cultures and ranching economies | 7 | |
| 2328285621 | What happened to women's role in Native American societies one horses were introduced? | Lost much of their role as food producers food producers | 8 | |
| 2328285622 | What did the Columbian exchange lead to? | In interacting Atlantic world connecting 4 continents | 9 | |
| 2328285623 | Columbian exchange | Enormous network of communication migration, trade, disease, and transfer of plants and animals by European colonies in the Americas | 10 | |
| 2328285624 | What increased Europe's population from 60-390 million in 1900? | Calories derived from corn and potatoes | 11 | |
| 2328285625 | What created a lasting link between Africa, Europe, and the Americas? | Slave trade | 12 | |
| 2328285626 | What American stimulants were used around the world? | Tobacco and chocolate | 13 | |
| 2328285627 | Where in the world did tobacco become popular? | China. There were how to manuals and work considered Gentlemans companions | 14 | |
| 2328285628 | Mercantilism | Stacking cash, all depends on how much money you have because money equals power | 15 | |
| 2328285629 | What did mercantilism create? | Fueled European wars and colonial rivalries around the world in the early modern era | 16 | |
| 2328285630 | What allowed Spanish colonist to exchange goods with Spanish rivals? | Smuggling and piracy | 17 | |
| 2328285631 | Women in Native American societies and African slaves | Conquest with often accompanied by the transfer of women to the new colonial rulers -many Spanish men married elite native women -Women were still subject to abuse | 18 | |
| 2328285632 | What gave Spain access to the most wealthy or the ninth and densely populated regions of the Western Hemisphere? | The Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires in the early 16th century | 19 | |
| 2328285633 | What was the economic foundation for the colonial society in the Western Hemisphere conquered by Spain? | -commercial agriculture -large rural estates -Silver and gold mining | 20 | |
| 2328285634 | Who provided most of the labor in this case? | Native peoples instead of slaves or European workers | 21 | |
| 2328285635 | Encomienda | -Spanish legal system -The Spanish crown was granted to particular Spanish settlers from whom they could require labor gold or agricultural produce and DeVaughn they owed "protection" and instruction in the Christian faith | 22 | |
| 2328285636 | Repartimiento | System that replaced encomienda and had slightly more controlled by the crown and Spanish officials | 23 | |
| 2328285637 | Hacienda System | The owners of large estates directly employed native workers | 24 | |
| 2328285638 | How was the system not helpful to the workers? | The people who worked on the Estates had low wages, high taxes, large debt to the landowners, and little control over their lives. | 25 | |
| 2328285639 | Spanish hierarchal system | At the top were male Spanish settlers (politically and economically dominant and seeking to become a landed aristocracy) | 26 | |
| 2328285640 | Spanish minority | -20% of the population -in itself a divided community -descendants of the original conquistadors sought to protect their privileges against immigrant newcomers | 27 | |
| 2328285641 | Creoles | Spaniards born in the Americas -resented the pretensions to superiority of those born in Spain | 28 | |
| 2328285642 | Peninsulares | Spaniards born in Spain | 29 | |
| 2328285643 | What or who were landowning Spaniards threatened by? | The grilling wealth of commercial and mercantile groups practicing less prestigious occupations | 30 | |
| 2328285644 | Spanish women | -subordinate to men -unable to hold public office and viewed as a week and in need of male protection -regarded as "bearers of civilization" because of their ability to have children | 31 | |
| 2328285645 | Mestizo | Mixed race population initially the product of unions between Spanish men and Indian women -facilitated by the desire of many surviving Indian women for relatives security of life in a Spanish household where they and their children would not be subject to be harsh demands and abuse made on native people | 32 | |
| 2328285646 | Reputation of the mestizos | Largely Hispanic in culture but Spaniards looked down on them during much of the colonial area regarding them as illegitimate for many were not born of "proper" marriages | 33 | |
| 2328285647 | What did women of mixed racial background work as? | Domestic servants -in their husbands' shops, manufactured candles and cigars, in addition to performing domestic duties | 34 | |
| 2328285648 | Mencia Perez | Successively married to reasonably well do you Spanish men and upon their death took over their businesses, becoming in her own right a very rich woman | 35 | |
| 2328285649 | What people were at the bottom of Mexican and Peruvian colonial societies? | Indigenous peoples known to the Europeans and "Indians" | 36 | |
| 2328285650 | How were the indigenous people known to the Europeans as Indians treated? | -They were subject to growth abuse and exploitation as the primary labor force for the minds and estates of the Spanish Empire and are required to render tribute payments to their Spanish overlords. -their religions were attacked by Spanish missionaries and they were forcibly relocated into larger settlements | 37 | |
| 2328285651 | What did the Indians do in their new Spanish colonies? | Many learn Spanish, converted to Christianity, move to city to work for wages, eat the meat of cows chicken and pig, youth plows and draft animals rather than traditional baking sticks, and took their many grievances to Spanish court | 38 | |
| 2328285652 | Indian women | -Spanish legal codes generally defined them as minor as rather than responsible adults -increasingly excluded from the courts are represented by their men folk | 39 | |
| 2328285653 | How did Indians benefit from education, well, and some European culture? | They could "pass" as a mestizo | 40 | |
| 2328285654 | What did Europeans, Spanish, British, French, and Dutch colony profit from in the Caribbean? | Sugar | 41 | |
| 2328285655 | How is Sugar used in Europe? | As a medicine, spice, sweetener, a preservative, and in sculpture forms of a decoration that indicated high status | 42 | |
| 2328285656 | What group of people did large-scale sugar production be pioneered by? | Arabs | 43 | |
| 2328285657 | Qualities of sugar production | -labor-intensive -can profitably occur in a large scale setting -first modern industry in that it produce for an international and mass-market | 44 | |
| 2328285658 | What was the most characteristic feature of sugar plantations? | Massive use of slave labor which have to be used because there was an absence of Native American population | 45 | |
| 2328285659 | Conditions for slaves working on sugar- producing estates | Extreme heat from a fire us to turn raw sugarcane into crystallized sugar -disease -hi death rate and they were just replaced by more slaves | 46 | |
| 2328285660 | Who made up about half of the field getting that did the heavy work of planting and harvesting sugarcane? | Women | 47 | |
| 2328285661 | Women's conditions in sugar producing Estates | -same brutal punishment and rations as the man -not really allowed to undertake the more skilled labor inside sugar mills -Women in urban areas usually works for white female owner and it domestic chores in the home, shops, etc. | 48 | |
| 2328285662 | Why was the majority of the population partially or mostly of African descent? | Because many were slaves | 49 | |
| 2328285663 | Mulattoes | The product of Portuguese - African Unions | 50 | |
| 2328285664 | Why was there last racial mixing in North America? | Because European women had joined the colonial migration at an early date | 51 | |
| 2328285665 | Women in England | -male dominance encouraged -inheritance of daughters was substantially less than of sons -not many girls went to school - many women are part of the church but we're not allowed to be ministers | 52 | |
| 2328285666 | Quality of British settler colonies | -protestant England with less interested in spreading the religion among native people unlike Spain -local self-government -many males were literate | 53 | |
| 2328285667 | The government of British colonies in the Americas | Elected colonial assemblies, seeing themselves of little parliaments defending the rights of men contested the prerogative of royal governors sent to administer their affairs | 54 | |
| 2328285668 | What happened in Russia when Columbus crossed the Atlantic? | A small Russian state centered on Moscow was emerging from two centuries of Mongol rule | 55 | |
| 2328285669 | Where was the new Russian state located? | On a cold and heavily forest did eastern fringe of Christiandom | 56 | |
| 2328285670 | What was one large problem in the emerging Russian state? | Security because pastoral people frequently rated their agricultural Russian neighbors and sold many into slavery | 57 | |
| 2328285671 | What drew Russians to Siberia? | Fur trade | 58 | |
| 2328285672 | What offers protection to frontier towns, trading centers and Russian farmers? | Lines of wooden forts | 59 | |
| 2328285673 | What did the Russians demand from the people they conquered? | - oath of allegiance by which native peoples swore eternal submission to the grand tsar -demanded tribute paid in cash, in Siberia it meant for such as the extremely valuable sable | 60 | |
| 2328285674 | What did Russians bring with them on their conquests? | Diseases that the native people of especially Siberia had little immunity to -christianity | 61 | |
| 2328285675 | What provided incentive for conversion to Christianity by Russians? | Tax breaks, exemptions from paying tribute, and the promise of land or cash -The destruction of many mosques added pressure | 62 | |
| 2328285676 | Which empress established religious tolerance for Muslims in the late 18th century? | Catherine the great | 63 | |
| 2328285677 | What was the most profoundly transforming feature of the Russian Empire? | Influx of Russian settlers his numbers by the end of 18th-century had overwhelmed the native peoples | 64 | |
| 2328285678 | What rendered local people to be dependent on Russian market for grain, sugar, tea, tobacco, and alcohol? | The loss of hunting grounds and pastureland to Russian agricultural settlers | 65 | |
| 2328285679 | What a company pressures to encourage pastoralists to abandon their nomadic ways? | Included the requirement to pay fees and obtain permission to cross agricultural lands | 66 | |
| 2328285680 | What happened to the native Siberians and steppes when the Russians took over? | -very few people of mixed race -native peoples were not driven into reservations are eradicated like they were in the Americas | 67 | |
| 2328285681 | How did the natives become Russified? | Adopted Russian language and converted to Christianity | 68 | |
| 2328285682 | Wealth in Russia | -rich agricultural lands, valuable for us, and mineral deposits -made a major role in making rush-hour one of the great powers of Europe by the 18th century | 69 | |
| 2328285683 | Russia's the westward movement | Occurred in a series of military rivalries with major powers of the region such as the Ottoman Empire, Sweden, Prussia, Austria, etc. | 70 | |
| 2328285684 | Under which emperor did Russia have an extensive program of westernization? | Peter the Great | 71 | |
| 2328285685 | Peter the Great | -vast administrative changes, the enlargement and modernization of Russian military forces, a new educational system for the sons of noble men, and dozens of manufacturing Enterprises -New capital at St. Petersburg | 72 | |
| 2328285686 | Russian nobles at the time of Peter the Great | Instructed to dress and European styles and shave their sacred beards | 73 | |
| 2328285687 | How was the Russian Empire similar to those of Western Europe? | Similar to those of Western Europe in terms of conquest, settlement, exploitation, religious conversion, and feeling of superiority | 74 | |
| 2328285688 | How is the Russian Empire different from those of Western Europe? | Absorbed territory near them and they did so at the same time that a modern Russian state with taking shape instead of conquering in colonizing the New World like Spain and England did | 75 | |
| 2328285689 | What was unique about the Russian Empire in terms of time? | Its longevity | 76 | |
| 2328285690 | What other Asian empires performed and left Europeans and Russians were building their own? | Chinese went into the central Eurasia -turko - Mongol invaders from Central Asia created the Mughal empire -The Ottoman Empire brought Muslim rule to a largely Christian population in South Eastern Europe and Turkish rule to largely era populations in north Africa and the Middle East | 77 | |
| 2328285691 | What were some differences that these less heard of imperial projects had between the European settlement of American colonies? | -not as much global reach or worldwide impact -did not have devastating in transforming impact on the conquered peoples because those peoples were not being exposed to new diseases -nothing like the decline of the Native American population | 78 | |
| 2328285692 | What cause the central division within Mughal India? | Religion | 79 | |
| 2328285693 | What religion with the ruling dynasty in India? | Muslim | 80 | |
| 2328285694 | What was the name of Mughal India's most famous emperor? | Akbar | 81 | |
| 2328285695 | What did Akbar do to help the Hindu population? | -married several of their princesses but did not require them to convert to Islam -inc. a large number of Hindus into the political - military elite of the Empire -supported the building of religious buildings such as mosques and Hindu temples | 82 | |
| 2328285696 | What did Akbar do to help the Hindu women? | Soften the restrictions on them such as encouraging the remarriage of windows, discouraging child marriages and sati, and persuading merchants to set aside a special market day for women to moderate their seclusion in the home | 83 | |
| 2328285697 | What did Akbar do in terms of direct religious matters? | -policy of religious tolerance -restraining the more militantly Islamic religious scholars, called ulamas -removing tax against non-Muslims | 84 | |
| 2328285698 | What did Akbar construct in terms of religion? | A special house of worship where he had intellectual discussions with representatives of many religions such as Muslims, Hindus, Christians, and Buddhists | 85 | |
| 2328285699 | Shayk Ahmad Sirhindi | Muslim philosopher who was against Akbar's religious rule | 86 | |
| 2328285700 | What did Aurangzeb do that Was opposite to Akbar? | Changed rule to Islam supremacy | 87 | |
| 2328285701 | Aurangzeb's rule | Forbade Hindu practice of sati -music and dance were banned at court, and tolerated devices such as gambling, drinking, prostitution, and narcotics were actively suppressed -dancing girls were ordered to get married or leave the Empire all together | 88 | |
| 2328285702 | How did Aurangzeb make the Hindus feel unwelcome? | -some temples were destroyed -tax was reimposed | 89 | |
| 2328285703 | Why was Aurangzeb disliked? | -religious policies -intolerable demands for taxes to support his many wards of expansion -antagonizing Hindus | 90 | |
| 2328285704 | Who was the Ottoman Empire created by? | Turkic warrior groups, whose aggressive rating of agricultural civilization was now legitimized in Islamic terms | 91 | |
| 2328285705 | Where did the Ottoman Empire begin? | Northwestern Anatolia | 92 | |
| 2328285706 | How was the Ottoman Empire transformed? | From a small frontier principality to a prosperous, powerful, cosmopolitan empire | 93 | |
| 2328285707 | Ottoman sultan | Combined roles of a Turkic warrior prince, a Muslim caliph, and a conquering emperor | 94 | |
| 2328285708 | Social changes within Ottoman Eife | -independence of pastoral women, open association with men, and their political influence in society decreased when adopted Islam -elite women were secluded and veiled More slave women | 95 | |
| 2328285709 | Turkish women | Women of the royal court had a lot of political influence -Islamic law permitted women important property rights, which made them wealthy -protected rights in marriage, divorce, inheritance, either representing themselves or other women | 96 | |
| 2328285710 | What was prominent among the Ottoman elite? | Persian culture, especially poetry and painting | 97 | |
| 2328285711 | What two major religions were in the Ottoman Empire? | Christians (many converted to islam) and Muslims | 98 | |
| 2328285712 | 1453 | Fall of Constantinople to Ottomans Splendid Christian city and became capital of empire | 99 | |
| 2328285571 | What was Constantinople renamed? | Istanbul | 100 | |
| 2328285572 | Why were there fewer conversions in the Balkans? | Scarcity of Turkish settlers and and willingness of Ottomans to support churches | 101 | |
| 2328285573 | Why did many Christians welcome the Ottomans? | Taxes were lighter and oppression was less pronounced than under their former Christian rulers | 102 | |
| 2328285574 | How did the Ottomans bring in so many people from different areas? | Many became elite without converting to Islam Women could appeal to court because they had more rights Prominence in trade and banking circles | 103 | |
| 2328285575 | Devshirme | Balkan Christian communities were required to hand over a quota of young boys who were removed from their families, converted, learned Turkish, and trained for either civil administration or military service | 104 | |
| 2328285576 | Where were the young boys of the devshirme trained? | In elite Janissary units | 105 |
