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| 14978880357 | Akbar | The most famous emperor of India's Mughal Empire (1556-1605); his policies are noted for their efforts at religious tolerance and inclusion |  | 0 |
| 14978880358 | Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor (1658-1707) who reversed his predecessors' policies of religious tolerance and attempted to impose Islamic supremacy |  | 1 |
| 14978880359 | Columbian exchange | The massive transatlantic interaction and exchange between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia that began in the period of European exploration and colonization |  | 2 |
| 14978880360 | Constantinople, 1453 | Constantinople, the capital and almost the only outpost left of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, an event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium |  | 3 |
| 14978880361 | Cortes, Hernan | Spanish conquistador (1485-1547) who led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in modern Mexico |  | 4 |
| 14978880362 | Devshirme | The tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied from their Christian subjects in the Balkans; the Ottomans raised the boys for service in the civil administration or in the elite Janissary infantry corps |  | 5 |
| 14978880363 | Dona Marina | Native American slave from an elite background who in 1519 became Cortes indispensable interpreter and strategist. She accompanied him during his conquest of the Aztec Empire and bore him a son. After the conquest she was married off to another conquistador, dying around 1530 C.E. |  | 6 |
| 14978880364 | The Great Dying | Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne epidemic diseases on the Americas |  | 7 |
| 14978880365 | Mestizo | Literally, "mixed"; a term used to describe the mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas |  | 8 |
| 14978880366 | Mughal Empire | One of the most successful empires in India, a state founded by Muslim Turks who invaded India in 1526; their rule was noted for efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims |  | 9 |
| 14978880367 | Mulattoes | Term commonly used for people of mixed African and European blood |  | 10 |
| 14978880368 | Ottoman Empire | Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa |  | 11 |
| 14978880369 | Peninsulares | In the Spanish colonies of Latin America, the term used to refer to people who had been born in Spain; they claimed superiority over Spaniards born in the Americas |  | 12 |
| 14978880370 | Plantation Complex | Agricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America |  | 13 |
| 14978880371 | Qing Dynasty | Ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912; the Qing rulers were originally from Manchuria, which had conquered China |  | 14 |
| 14978880372 | Settler Colonies | Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply sending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America |  | 15 |
| 14978880373 | Siberia | Russia's greatest frontier region, a vast territory of what is now central and eastern Russia, most of it unsuited to agriculture but rich in mineral resources and fur-bearing animals |  | 16 |
| 14978880374 | Yasak | Tribute that Russian rulers demanded from the native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs |  | 17 |
| 14978880375 | Amerigo Vespucci | he explored South America on several trips around 1500; realized that the continent was huge and not part of Asia; America was named for him |  | 18 |
| 14978880376 | Ponce de Leon | In 1513, he explored Florida for Spain in search of the fountain of youth |  | 19 |
| 14978880377 | Vasco de Balboa | In 1513, he explored much of Central America for Spain; laid sight on the Pacific Ocean |  | 20 |
| 14978880378 | Ferdinand Magellan | In 1519, he sailed around the tip of South America to the Pacific Ocean for portugal. He made it as far as the Philippines, where he died; his crew continued, however, and became the first to circumnavigate the globe. |  | 21 |
| 14978880379 | Giovanni da Verrazzano | In 1524, he explored the North American coast for France |  | 22 |
| 14978880380 | Sir Francis Drake | In 1578, he became the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe |  | 23 |
| 14978880381 | John Cabot | In 1597, he explored the coast of North America for England |  | 24 |
| 14978880382 | Henry Hudson | Beginning in 1609, he sailed for the Dutch, looking for a Northwest Passage to Asia. He explored the Hudson River and made claims to the area for the Dutch |  | 25 |
| 14978880383 | Vasco Da Gama | 1497, he sailed for the Portuguese, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, explored the east African kingdoms, and went all the way to India, where he established trade relations. |  | 26 |
| 14978880384 | Bartholomew Dias | he sailed for the Portuguese, rounded the tip of Africa, later became know as the Cape of Good Hope. |  | 27 |
| 14978880385 | Christopher Columbus | 1492, sailed for the Spanish, convinced the Spanish to finance a voyage to reach the east by going west. |  | 28 |
| 14978880386 | Sternpost Rudder | invented in China during the Han Dynasty, the sternpost rudder allowed for better navigation and control of ships of increasing size. The Europeans received it through trade. |  | 29 |
| 14978880387 | Lateen Sails | These sails invented during the early Roman Empire, allowed ships to sail in any direction, regardless of the wind. This was a huge improvement to ships that were dependent on the wind, especially in the Indian Ocean |  | 30 |
| 14978880388 | Astrolabe | Sailors used this portable navigation device, developed in the Hellenic world around 150 B.C.E., to help them find their way. By measuring the distance of the sun and the stars above the horizon, the astrolabe helped determine latitude. |  | 31 |
| 14978880389 | Magnetic Compass | Borrowed from the Chinese, who developed it during the Han Dynasty, the magnetic compass traveled west through trade with Arabs and allowed sailors to determine direction without staying in sight of land. |  | 32 |
| 14978880390 | Three-Masted Caravels | these large ships employed significantly larger lateen sails and could hold provisions for longer journeys in their large cargo rooms. |  | 33 |
