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| 5702514072 | Muhammad | Born about 570 C.E. to merchant family in Mecca. Orphaned as a child. Works as a merchant. | 0 | |
| 5702514073 | Khadija | Marries Muhammad 595 C.E. | 1 | |
| 5702514074 | Gabriel | Archangel that delivers message to Muhammad and tells him he must explain it to other people. | 2 | |
| 5702514075 | Allah | Monotheism God in Islam | 3 | |
| 5702514076 | Mecca | Where Muhammad attracts followers | 4 | |
| 5702514077 | The Quran | Record of revelations received during visions. Communicates Muhammad's understanding of Allah and his relation to the world. Committed to writing about 650 C.E. | 5 | |
| 5702514078 | Islam | The Quran is the authority for _____ doctrine and social organization. | 6 | |
| 5702514079 | hadith | Muhammad's followers wrote down his stories and deeds. These traditions are known as _______. | 7 | |
| 5702514080 | mono; poly | Muhammad's ____theistic teachings were offensive to Mecca's ____theistic pagans and the elite. | 8 | |
| 5702514081 | Merchants | Offended when Muhammad said greed was wicked and Allah would punish them. | 9 | |
| 5702514082 | idolatry | Muhammad attacked ________ and upset people who owned shrines. | 10 | |
| 5702514083 | The Ka'ba | Drew worshipers from all over to Mecca. Contained idols. | 11 | |
| 5702514084 | Hijira | Migration. Muhammad's journey to Medina in 622 C.E. Year 0 in Muslim calendar. | 12 | |
| 5702514085 | The Umma | a community of the faithful. | 13 | |
| 5702514086 | "Seal of the prophets" | Muhammad referred to himself as the final prophet. Accepted the authority of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Held in high esteem Hebrew scriptures and the Christian New Testament. He believed Allah was the same as Yahweh and God. But he believed he had been entrusted w/ a more complete revelation, one that communicated Allah's plan for the world. | 14 | |
| 5702514087 | Ka'ba | Preserved in honor of importance of Mecca. Approved as pilgrimage site. | 15 | |
| 5702514088 | Five Pillars of Islam | No god but Allah and Muhammad is is prophet. Daily prayer. Fasting during Ramadan. Charity / alms. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) | 16 | |
| 5702514089 | Jihad | "Struggle." Against vice. Against ignorance of Islam | 17 | |
| 5702514090 | Holy War | Against unbelievers who threaten Islam | 18 | |
| 5702514091 | Sharia | Islamic holy law. Guidance in proper behavior on almost every aspect of life. Based on Quran. extends beyond ritual law to all areas of human activity | 19 | |
| 5702514092 | caliph | deputy of the Islamic faith | 20 | |
| 5702514093 | Abu Bakr | chosen to lead as caliph after Muhammad's death. Led war against villagers who abandoned Islam after death of Muhammad. | 21 | |
| 5702514094 | Ali | Served as caliph 656-661 C.E., then assassinated along with most of his followers | 22 | |
| 5702514095 | Shia | Separate Islamic party of followers of Ali. Leader must be blood descended to Muhammad. | 23 | |
| 5702514096 | Sunni | Traditionalists. Caliph must be someone who followers five pillars. | 24 | |
| 5702514097 | Umayyad Dynasty | (661-750 C.E.) established by very prominent Meccan merchant class. Brought stability to the Islamic community. | 25 | |
| 5702514098 | Damascus, Syria | Capital of Umayyad Dynasty. Highly centralized rule | 26 | |
| 5702514099 | military | were appointed governors/administrators of conquered land in the Umayyad Dynasty | 27 | |
| 5702514100 | jizya | Head tax on non-Muslims | 28 | |
| 5702514101 | The Abbasid Dynasty | (750-1258 C.E.) Followed the Umayyad Dynasty. Leader was Abu-al-Abbas. | 29 | |
| 5702514102 | Abu-al-Abbas | Leader of the Abbasid Dynasty. Sunni Arab, allied with Shia and non-Arab Muslims. Defeats Umayyad army in 750 C.E. by inviting them to dinner but then massacred them. | 30 | |
| 5702514103 | Dar al-Islam | "House of Islam" term used by Muslim scholars to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely. | 31 | |
| 5702514104 | Ulama | "people with religious knowledge" Islamic scholar | 32 | |
| 5702514105 | Qadis | "judges"Islamic scholar | 33 | |
| 5702514106 | Abbasid | (786-809 C.E.) Caliph Harun-al-Rahsid brought the ______ Dynasty to its highest point. | 34 | |
| 5702514107 | Baghdad | Center of commerce in Abbasid Dynasty. Center of banking, commerce, crafts, and industry. | 35 | |
| 5702514108 | Harun-al-Rashid | Civil war between sons of ______ led to Abbasid decline. Provincial governors assert regional independence and dissenting sects secede from the state. | 36 | |
| 5702514109 | caliphs | puppets of Persian nobility at decline of Abbasid dynasty | 37 | |
| 5702514110 | Sultan | real power behind the throne during the Abbasid decline | 38 | |
| 5702514111 | Dar al-Islam | Areas where Muslims are in the majority. Encompass silk routes. | 39 | |
| 5702514112 | Camel caravans | Became more common when saddle was created. Ice exported from mountains of Syria to Egypt in summer (10 century). Inns along the way, plus food, water, and care for animals. | 40 | |
| 5702514113 | Maritime trade | innovations in nautical tech increased trade on sea. Used compass, lateen sail, and astrolabe | 41 | |
| 5702514114 | Chinese | Compass invented by _______ | 42 | |
| 5702514115 | Indian | Lateen sail from SE Asia and ______ mariners | 43 | |
| 5702514116 | Astrolabe | Nautical tech from Hellenistic Mediterranean | 44 | |
| 5702514117 | Sakk | "check" letters of credit that multiple branches of banks honored. | 45 | |
| 5702514118 | Muslim Berber | conquerors from north Africa take Spain early 8th century. Build the beautiful capital of Cordoba. | 46 | |
| 5702514119 | madrasas | higher institutions of learning similar to the modern day college. Women were not allowed to attend. | 47 | |
| 5702514120 | Hajj | pilgrimage to mecca | 48 | |
| 5702514121 | Sufis | Mystics that were educated in Islamic law and theology that concerned themselves with deepening thir spiritual awareness | 49 | |
| 5702514122 | Al-Andalus | Islamic Spain. Allied to Umayyads but refused to recognize Abbasid dynasty. Formed own caliphate. Tension, but participated in trade with larger Islamic world. | 50 | |
| 5702514123 | Al-Ghazali | (1058-1111) Major Sufi thinker from Persia. Impossibility of intellectual apprehension of Allah, devotion, mystical ecstasy instead. | 51 | |
| 5702514124 | Hindi | type of number system that came out of India | 52 | |
| 5702514125 | Ibn Rushd/Averroes | (1126-1198)Wrote books on Medicine, Physics, Astronomy, and Psychology. | 53 |
