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| 12353066628 | Cortés | - (1485-1547) Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs in Mexico - allied with the various subject people of the Aztec Empire in launching a Spanish assualt on the Aztec empire |  | 0 |
| 12353066629 | the great dying | - the devastating demographic collapse of Native American societies (near extinction) - largely due to European and African diseases that the Native Americans weren't immune to | 1 | |
| 12353066630 | Doña Marina | - Aztec woman who became an interpreter for Hernán Cortés during his conquest of the Aztec empire - was Cortés' translator - played a part in helping Cortés conquer Aztec empire |  | 2 |
| 12353066631 | Columbian Exchange | - the enormous network of communication, migration, trade, disease, and the transfer of plants+animals from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa - after the voyages of Columbus - all generated by European colonial empires in the Americas | 3 | |
| 12353066632 | peninsulares | - people who were born in Spain, but living in the New World (the Americas) - highest class in colonial class system | 4 | |
| 12353066633 | mestizo | the term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Native American and European descent | 5 | |
| 12353066634 | plantation complex | agricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America. | 6 | |
| 12353066635 | mulattoes | a person of mixed African and European ancestry | 7 | |
| 12353066636 | settler colonies | - foreign people move into new region - colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region - particularly noteworthy were the British colonies in North America. | 8 | |
| 12353066637 | Siberia | - the remote, cold, and heavily forested eastern Russia - Asian part of Russia | 9 | |
| 12353066638 | yasak | - tribute that Russian authorities demanded from the natives of Siberia - was paid in cash or in kind | 10 | |
| 12353066639 | Qing dynasty empire | - (1644-1912) Chinese empire whose rulers were originally from Manchuria - brought Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet under Chinese control - expanded territory of China | 11 | |
| 12353066640 | Mughal Empire | - an empire in India that was the product of Central Asian warriors who were Muslims in religion, Turkic in culture, and claimed descent from Chinggis Khan + Timur - Islamic empire in India - experienced a rare period of relative political unity | 12 | |
| 12353066641 | Akbar | - (r. 1556-1605) Mughal India's most famous emperor - acted deliberately to accommodate the Hindu majority into the Mughal Empire by imposing a policy of toleration - (since the main division within Mughal India was religious difference between Muslims and Hindus) |  | 13 |
| 12353066642 | Aurangzeb | - (r. 1658-1707) emperor who reversed Akbar's policy of accommodation and sought to impose Islamic supremacy - his religious policies antagonized Hindus and prompted various movements of opposition to the Mughals |  | 14 |
| 12353066643 | Ottoman Empire | - empire created by Turkic warrior groups; base area in northwestern Anatolia - was an Islamic state and was the "strong sword of Islam" | 15 | |
| 12353066644 | Constantinople | - a large and wealthy city that was the capital of the Byzantine empire - and later the Ottoman Empire captured it and renamed it Istanbul (which became the capital of the Ottoman Empire) | 16 | |
| 12353066645 | devshirme | annual practice by which the Ottoman Empire sent military to abduct boys (sons of their Christian subjects) who were then converted to Islam, and trained for either civil administration or military service in elite Janissary units (Janissaries are the elite infantry unit) | 17 | |
| 12353066646 | the little ice age and general crisis | - a period of unusually cool temperatures - spanned much of the early modern period - especially in the northern hemisphere | 18 |
