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| 5910406731 | Doña Maria | bridge between old and new worlds, daughter of an elite and cultured family, sold into slavery, gift to the Spaniards, served Cortés, became Christianized, interpreter for Spaniards, became Cortés' mistress, bore him a son, he then married her off to another Spaniard, later returned to her hometown and forgave her family. She was viewed positively by Spanish but seen as a traitor to her own people, mother of Mexico's mixed race or Mestizo culture, clear choice to serve Europeans | 0 | |
| 5910406732 | settler colonies | landed in the "dregs," British were late to come, less prominent on world stage, created to escape aspects of Europe rather than to recreate it, more availability for land, spread Christianity and escape persecution. Slaves were not needed as independent farmers worked the land, less about spreading religion, greater literacy from Bible reading, local self-government, vastly different kind of colonization. | 1 | |
| 5910406733 | Qing dynasty China | 17th and 18th centuries, incorporated many non-Chinese peoples, of nomadic origin, used Chinese bureaucratic techniques, reinforce Confucianism, trade tribute and warfare, large military effort, substantial state, expansion seemed necessary, unified people of central Eurasia, used locals, imitated Chinese ways, did not seek to assimilate, this along with the Russians took the region off the global stage | 2 | |
| 5910406734 | Mughal Empire | India, interaction between Islam and Hinduism, rare period of political unity, division was religious, recognized Hindu majority, soften restrictions under Akbar, policy of toleration, hybrid culture, Aurangzeb reversed Akbar's policy, tightened restrictions, antagonized Hindus, this empire was a site of highly significant encounter between two of the world's greatest religious traditions | 3 | |
| 5910406735 | Akbar | most famous emperor of Mughal India, very accommodating, created tolerance for religion, women, blended elite culture, created a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture. Created a system and tradition of acceptance, create unity among the wide variety of people, cultures, and religious traditions | 4 | |
| 5910406736 | Ottoman Empire | creation of Turkic warrior groups, became a large empire within the Islamic world, independence of women diminished, converted large numbers to Islam, conquered Constantinople, represented the growing prominence of Turkic people, portrayed the splendor of the Islamic world, Muslim takeover of Europe | 5 | |
| 5910406737 | Constantinople, 1453 | climax of Turkic assault on Christian world of Byzantium when the seized Constantinople, was renamed Istanbul, and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The great world of Byzantium came to an end due to the power of the Ottoman Empire, ended the continuations of the Roman Empire | 6 | |
| 5910406738 | devshirme | collecting or gathering, Balkan Christians were required to hand over a quote of young boys, removed from families, taught Turkish, converted to Islam, trained for civil administration of military service, represented a means of upward mobility within the Ottoman Empire although social gain occurred at a high price | 7 | |
| 5910406739 | Aurangzeb | 1658-1707, emperor of Mughal India, reversed Akbar's policies, imposed Islam supremacy, tightened restrictions, imposed taxes. Fatally fractured Mughal India, eliminated all peace and cooperation of previous empire | 8 | |
| 5910406740 | peninsulares | a Spanish born who traveled to the New World and was resented by Spaniards born into the New World. Became politically and economically dominant and wanted to become a landed aristocracy, part of the divided minority | 9 | |
| 5910406741 | Siberia | the Russian Empire began as a small state centered on Moscow and incorporated this land, gave an oath of allegiance, very remote, large area for expansion, pressure to convert to Christianity, 700000 Russians were here by 1720, represented the final triumph of an agrarian civilization on the hunting and gathering societies | 10 | |
| 5910406742 | Cortés | the Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the Spanish expeditions in South and Central America, including the conquering of the Aztec and Inca Empires. Led many assaults on empires and gained subject peoples from the Aztec empire who resented Mexica domination, expanded the territory and introduced Spanish ways and conquered many empires | 11 | |
| 5910406743 | the great dying | lack of domesticated animals in the Americas meant absence of acquired immunity, died of the plague, hunger from weakness, populations dropped drastically and nearly disappeared. Caused the demographic collapse of Native American societies, major populations decreased rapidly, Central Mexico from 10-20 million to 1 million, evidence of European advantage | 12 | |
| 5910406744 | Colombian exchange | entirely new societies were created, brought plants and animals, transformed landscape, domesticated animals and gained importance, American crops spread widely in Europe, supplemented Asian food, cheap food for slaves in Africa, American stimulants were used, tea from China and coffee from Islamic world spread globally, large scale diffusion of plants and animals, sugar and cotton trade, information, slaves | 13 | |
| 5910406745 | plantation complex | Portugal and Caribbean colonies lacked great civilizations, sugar-based colonies produced for export, pioneered by Arabs, very labor intensive, needed slave labor, horrible conditions, high death rates, slavery was less harsh in North America, but less racial distinction, the slave trade was a major part of this system and was needed for labor to produce goods for export | 14 | |
| 5910406746 | mulattoes | product of Portugese-African unions, predominated in many separate groups, made up a majority of the population, some with wealth and education and light skin might pass as a white or hold higher positions, showing their less rigid social systems and social mobility | 15 | |
| 5910406747 | mestizo | the mixed race population of Mexico and Peru, originally a Spanish man and Indian woman, many Indian women wanted relative security of life in a Spanish household, grew substantially and became majority of the population, divided into castas based on racial heritage and skin color, showed interaction in New World | 16 | |
| 5910406748 | yasak | a tribute demanded by the Russian Empire of its conquered people, could be paid in cash or in kind, enormous quantities of furs that Siberians produced, example of the kinds of ways the Russian Empire included their people and benefited from their inclusion, similar to Chinese tribute system | 17 |
