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| 8057687598 | tropics | The equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. It is characterized by generally warm or hot temperatures year-round, though much variation exists due to altitude and other factors. | 0 | |
| 8057710324 | monsoon | Seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling landmasses of Africa and Asia and the slowly changing ocean waters. These strong and predictable winds have been ridden across the open sea by sailors. It also allows for the cultivation of several crops a year. | 1 | |
| 8057741376 | Delhi Sultanate | A centralized Indian empire created by Muslim invaders. -built and controlled the largest irrigation systems -taken over by the Sultan Mahmud -stripped of idols and Hindu religion -Hindus had to eventually pay jizya tax -At its height, the Sultanate controlled all of India and much of modern Pakistan and Bangladesh, but not Sri Lanka. | 2 | |
| 8057803182 | Raziya | The chosen female heir of Iltutmish. She lasted less than 4 years because although she dressed like a man, let her troops, and was overall a good ruler, Turkish chiefs imprisoned her. She escaped but was killed by a robber soon after. | 3 | |
| 8057837706 | Takrur | A kingdom on the Atlantic coast that was the first sub-Saharan kingdom to convert to Islam. King Sumanguru suffered a defeat by the hands of Malinke king Sundiata | 4 | |
| 8057893533 | Mali | Located near where Ghana used to be. It controlled the core trading area of the upper Niger and also gold fields. The rulers fostered the spread of Islamic beliefs among the elites. Control of copper and gold trades gave them great prosperity. | 5 | |
| 8057957321 | Mansa Tankan Musa | Ruler of Mali that spread a reputation for wealth far and wide when he went on his pilgrimage to Mecca. He traveled with a very large group and brought 122 ounces of gold with him as gifts. | 6 | |
| 8058007779 | dhows | Cargo and passenger ships of the Arabian Sea. | 7 | |
| 8058017607 | junks | The largest, most technologically advanced sea vessels at the time that first appeared in China. Watertight compartments minimalized flooding. | 8 | |
| 8058047535 | Aden | The port of Aden on the southern Arabian peninsula had common commercial interests that promoted good commercial relations among diverse peoples. | 9 | |
| 8058097281 | altepetl | an ethnic state in ancient Mesoamerica, the common political building block of that region | 10 | |
| 8058104107 | calpolli | a group of up to a hundred families that serves as a social building block of an altepetl in ancient Mesoamerica. they were in charge of controlling land allocation, tax collection, and local religious life | 11 | |
| 8058130946 | tribute system in the Aztec Empire | the tribute system on conquered people helped relieve some pressure of Tenochtitlan's growing population. One-quarter of the capital's food requirement was satisfied by these payments | 12 | |
| 8058155051 | khipus | a system of knotted colored cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit information | 13 |
