Terms : Hide Images
| 5482204094 | allah | the god of islam | 0 | |
| 5482207366 | muslim | an individual who accepts the islamic faith, translates to "the one who as submitted", they had political, social, and religious significance | 1 | |
| 5482210532 | dar al-islam | the large society of islam, translates to "the house of islam", also refers to the lands under islamic rule | 2 | |
| 5482212847 | mecca | an important city in the arabian peninsula, a site of fairs and a stopping point for caravans | 3 | |
| 5482216490 | quran | the written version of muhammad's revelations, translates to "recitation", also a magnificent work of poetry, the holy book of islam, serves as the official religious doctrine and social organization | 4 | |
| 5482219868 | hadith | the most important tradition after the Quran, a collection of quotes and deeds from muhammad | 5 | |
| 5482221825 | medina | formerly known as Yathrib, the city where muhammad fled and lived in exile, translates to "the city" or "the city of the prophet, about 214 miles north of mecca | 6 | |
| 5482229268 | hijra | translates to "migration", the name for muhammad's move to medina which serves as the starting point of the official islamic calendar | 7 | |
| 5482232115 | umma | translates to "community of the faithful", the organization of muhammad's followers into one community, he provided the society of his followers with a legal and social code | 8 | |
| 5482234318 | ka'ba | a shrine near mecca that was originally dedicated to one of the many local deities, it is a large and long black rock that provides a home for a very powerful deity, it is surrounded by a cube shaped building, it attracted worshipers and tourists from all over arabia and provided a lot of wealth to mecca, muhammad disapproved of the worship of this shrine which created tension between him and the ruling elites | 9 | |
| 5482249119 | sharia | islamic holy law, came after muhammad, it offered guidance on proper behavior for most aspects of life, it drew inspiration from the Quran and historical accounts of muhammad's teachings and life, it eventually became more than a religious doctrine, it became a way of life | 10 | |
| 5482253915 | caliph | translates to "deputy", they were leaders who led the umma, they were a head of state for the islamic community religiously, politically, and militarily, they position of this leader helped to organize the islamic community | 11 | |
| 5482258785 | umayyad | a dynasty established after the assassination of Ali, they were a family of one of the most prominent merchant clans in mecca and their network of alliances helped bring stability to the islamic community, they established their capital in Damascus and temporarily solved their problem of caliph succession, they had a tightly centralized rule and highly favored their fellow arabs and did not respect other religious and ethnic groups | 12 | |
| 5482264904 | shia | one sect of the islamic faith, separated from the sunnis bc they supported the appointment of caliphs as descendants from ali who was related to muhammad | 13 | |
| 5482267179 | abbasid | the dynasty that succeeded the umayyad dynasty, founded in the 750s, they were far more cosmopolitan, they did not favor any specific ethnicity or religion, they were not a conquering dynasty but they did have some conflicts, they focused on controlling the land they already had, used persian techniques of state craft, capital at baghdad | 14 | |
| 5482276582 | ulama | translates to "the people with religious knowledge", alongside the qadis they helped set moral standards and resolve religious disputes in local communities, well educated scholars who wanted to create a public policy that agreed with the Quran, they were extremely influential | 15 | |
| 5482283292 | qadis | translates to "judges", they worked with the ulama to solve disputes and to set moral standards within local communities, they heard law cases and made decisions based off the religious doctrines of the quran and the sharia, they were extremely influential and helped spread the islamic religion | 16 | |
| 5482289421 | al-andalus | islamic spain, which was very prosperous and successful, governed by umayyads during the abbasid empire, participated actively in the economy of the larger islamic world, it citizens had a rich diet bc of imported crops, traded out many luxury decorative items | 17 | |
| 5482295348 | codoba | the capital of al-andalus (islamic spain), it was very magnificent and large with public roads, free islamic schools, many mosques, and a 400,000 volume library | 18 | |
| 5482297957 | sufis | some of the most effective islamic missionaries, they disregarded islamic doctrines finding them meaningless, they strived to deepen spiritual awareness, they thrived off high states of emotion, they were mistrusted by muslim theologians, emphasized devotion to allah above the mastery of a doctrine | 19 | |
| 5482304434 | hajj | the pilgrimage to mecca, originally made by muhammad as he returned from exile in medina | 20 | |
| 5482305966 | muhammad | the founder of the islamic faith | 21 | |
| 5482306427 | abu bakr | the father in law of the prophet muhammad and served as an advisor to muhammad during his lifetime, he served as the first caliph | 22 | |
| 5482315443 | ali | son in law of muhammad, he was assassinated which caused the beginning of the umayyad dynasty | 23 | |
| 5482319446 | omar khayyan | a persian mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet, wrote Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra | 24 |
